To enable the analysis of the Residual Moveout (RMO) in Angle-Domain Common Image Gathers (ADCIGs) after anisotropic wavefield-continuation migration, I develop the fundamental concepts for quantitatively relating perturbations in anisotropic parameters to the corresponding reflector movements in ADCIGs. I then apply the general methodology to the particular case of RMO analysis of reflections ...

Converted-wave data have been recognized to have potential in complementing conventional compressional data. However, imaging for converted-waves is more difficult mainly due to the need for estimating shear-wave velocities, in addition to compressional-wave velocities. The common practice is to obtain the shear-wave velocity by registering PS and PP images. Despite its low cost, this procedure...

In their studies of transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI media), Alkhalifah and Tsvankin observed that, to a high numerical accuracy, the normal moveout (NMO) velocity for dipping reflectors as a function of ray parameter p depends mainly on just two parameters, each of which can be determined from surface P-wave observations. They substantiated this result by using t...

Abstract Seismic velocity modeling is a crucial step in seismic processing that enables the use of information from both and wells to map depth thickness subsurface layers interpreted images. The can be obtained form normal moveout (NMO) or by an inversion (optimization) process such as full-waveform (FWI). These methods have several limitations. limitations include enormous time consumption ca...

Stacking procedures with the objective of improvement of signal to noise ratio were in use before the introduction of Common reflection point stacking introduced by Mayne in 1962. But, these techniques were problematic, at times, because they used reflections from a portion of reflectors that were too large. Hence, stacking tends to obscure the very detail of reflector which is being sought. So...

Reflection seismic data continuation is the computation of data at source and receiver locations that differ from those in the original data, using what data are available. Here, we develop a general theory of data continuation in the presence of caustics and illustrate it with two examples: dip moveout (DMO) and azimuth moveout (AMO). This theory does not require knowledge of the reflector pos...

Prestack depth migration provides a powerful tool for velocity analysis in complex media. Both prominent approaches to velocity analysis—depth-focusing analysis and residual-curvature analysis, rely on approximate formulas to update velocity. Generally, these formulas are derived under the assumptions of horizontal reflector, lateral velocity homogeneity, or small offset. Therefore, the convent...

Multiples can be suppressed in the angle-domain image space after migration. For a given velocity model, primaries and multiples have different angle-domain moveout and, therefore, can be separated using techniques similar to the ones employed in the data space prior to migration. We use Radon transforms in the image space to discriminate between primaries and multiples and employ accurate func...