The circulation and water mass structure of the North Atlantic are reviewed, with emphasis on the large-scale overturning cell which produces North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Properties and transports for its major components (Nordic Seas Overflow Water, Labrador Sea Water, Mediterranean Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water and Antarctic Bottom Water) are reviewed. The transport estimates and p...

The long-term variations in the atmospheric pressure and the polar cap temperature of Mars resulting from the obliquity oscillations (presented by W. R. Ward, 1974) are discussed. In performing these calculations, the assumption is made that the atmosphere is in equilibrium with perennial CO2 ice deposits at the north pole, as is proposed by R. B. Leighton and B.C. Murray (1966). If heat transp...

The oceanic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a crucial component of the climate system, impacting heat and nutrient transport, and global carbon cycling. Past greenhouse climate intervals present a paradox because their weak equator-to-pole temperature gradients imply a weaker MOC, yet increased poleward oceanic heat transport appears to be required to maintain these weak gradients. ...

Bremen, Federal State of Germany, is planning to set up a headquarter for GMES Global Monitoring of Environment and Security. One goal of the Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (ISL) is to develop services for GMES to improve the security in intermodal container transport with emphasis on the maritime sector. ISL is developing a Security Event Management System which takes care of al...

Transport poverty is an issue that has never fully captured the interests of the transport engineering profession in either the Global North or South. And yet, it is a problem that adversely affects the daily lives of literally millions of people within both geographical spheres. What precisely constitutes transport poverty is not adequately articulated within the academic, policy or infrastruc...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract The northward inflow of Atlantic Water through Denmark Strait – the North Icelandic Irminger Current (NIIC) – is simulated with a numerical model of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. The model uses the technique of a...

guidance and control of aircraft in the landing phase imposes extra pilot work loads, hence application of automatic landing control systems is of great importance. in this study automatic landing control systems are introduced and an optimal landing control system is designed. the control system performance criteria are based on minimum control effort. the designed system is simulated for a tr...

Kaanapali beach is a well-defined littoral cell of carbonate sand extending 2 km south from Black Rock (a basalt headland) to Hanakao’o Point. The beach experiences dynamic seasonal shoreline change forced by longshore transport from two dominant swell regimes. In summer, south swells (Hs = 1-2 m Tp = 14-25 s) drive sand to the north, while in winter, north swells (Hs = 5-8 m Tp = 14-20 s) driv...

Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) originates mainly from primary production using dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that has young C ages. Paradoxically, the C age of deep DOC ranges from 4000 to 6400 C years, indicating that a portion of DOC survives multiple, deep ocean mixing cycles. Here we show that C ages of DOC from the deep South Pacific are equal to those from the deep north central...