R.F. Bornstein (1994) questioned whether subliminal mere exposure effects might generalize to structurally related stimuli, thereby providing evidence for the existence of implicit learning. Two experiments examined this claim using letter string stimuli constructed according to the rules of an artificial grammar. Experiment 1 demonstrated that brief, masked exposure to grammatical strings impa...

Repeated exposures to an object will lead to an enhancement of evaluation toward that object. Although this mere exposure effect may occur when the objects are presented subliminally, the role of conscious perception per se on evaluation has never been examined. Here we use a binocular rivalry paradigm to investigate whether a variance in conscious perceptual duration of faces has an effect on ...

Abstract Setting off from a familiar distinction in the philosophy of properties, this paper introduces tripartite between sparse causation, abundant causation and mere (instances latter forming sub-class causation). It is argued that contrast allows us to resolve notorious philosophical issues having do with negative involving institutional properties physical macro-causation way unified, intu...