Five ectomycorrhizal species of Scleroderma were identified from herbarium and field-collected specimens from Argentina. A new hypogeous species, Scleroderma patagonicum, was recorded in association with native Nothofagus spp. in Patagonia. The epigeous species S. albidum, S. areolatum, S. bovista and S. citrinum were associated with various exotic tree species. A phylogenetic analysis based on...

Mistletoes largely vary in the number of species that they can parasitize. In temperate rainforests southern Chile, we found two mistletoe species: Tristerix corymbosus, a generalist able to parasitize at least 30 plant species, and Desmaria mutabilis, which only parasitizes Nothofagus trees (that T. corymbosus is unable parasitize). Nevertheless, some parasitized by corymbosus. How this happen...

Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Blume and Nothofagus nitida (Phil.) Krasser, two evergreens in the South Chilean forest, regenerate in open habitats and under the canopy, respectively. Both overtop the forest canopy when they are in the adult stage, suggesting that their photoprotective mechanisms differ in ontogenetic dynamics. We postulated that N. nitida, a shade-tolerant species increases its ca...

Recent climatic trends, such as warming temperatures, decrease in rainfall, and extreme weather events (e.g., heatwaves), are negatively affecting the performance of forests. In northern Patagonia, conditions have caused tree growth reduction, crown dieback, massive die-back events. However, studies looking at these consequences southernmost temperate forest (Nothofagus betuloides Nothofagus pu...

The endemic South American aphid genus Neuquenaphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Neuquenaphidinae) forms an important component of the phytophagous insect fauna associated with southern beeches, Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae), but has not previously been studied cytologically. As part of ongoing studies of the taxonomy, evolution and host relationships of this genus, the karyotypes of 12 species are desc...

Kosipe, an upland valley at 2000 m altitude in the Owen Stanley Ranges of southeastern New Guinea, is known for the discovery of large stone waisted blades dated to 31400 cal a BP. The purpose of these tools and the nature of occupation are unknown. The altitude is too high for most food crops today and may have stood close to the treeline during the last glaciation. Three pollen and charcoal d...