S EPARATION of supersonic flow in a convergent–divergent nozzle is a fundamental fluid phenomenon that affects a large variety of applications, from fuel systems to aircraft engine nozzles. When a supersonic nozzle is operated at pressure ratioswell below its design point, a shock forms inside the nozzle andflowdownstreamof the shock separates from the nozzle walls. Even though flow separation ...

We evaluated a needle-free injector (NFI), which has been studied as an administration device to the subcutaneous tissue, as a device to deliver drugs into skin tissues. ShimaJet used for self-injection of insulin was selected as a spring-powered NFI in this study. Weak (NFI-w) and strong (NFI-s) injectors were evaluated. Rhodamine 6G, as a model compound, was injected onto the skin surface of ...

Gelled fuels have promising applications in the aerospace field. Higher density and calorific value can be achieved with addition of energetic metal particles to gelled fuels, which also effectively improve combustion efficiency fuel thus enhance engine performance. However, make rheological properties more complex, introduces difficulties regarding their atomization combustion. In order invest...

In this study, a two-fluid nozzle, as, e.g., used in fluidized-bed or spray drying applications, is comprehensively characterized regarding the pattern and droplet size. To analyze cone, cone angle radial mass distribution of nozzle were measured at varied liquid flow rate, air pressure, insert bore diameter, cap position. Additionally, size distributions recorded different settings. general, o...

The hot water sprays are an important part of many industrial processes, where the detailed knowledge of physical phenomena involved in jet transportation, interaction, secondary breakup, evaporation, and coalescence of droplets is important to reach more efficient processes. The objective of the work was to study the water spray jet breakup dynamics, vortex cloud formation, and droplet size di...

In the most application of nozzle with gas-liquid two-phase flow, the quality of mixture in exhaust of nozzle is the most important parameter as well as the flow velocity. On the other hand, in some industrial application, such as water injection in forced induction (turbocharged or supercharged) internal combustion engine the spray quality is the main goal of designing. In this case and for im...

The optimal design of the thrust vector control system solid rocket motors (SRMs) is discussed. injection a supersonic underexpanded gas jet into diverging part engine nozzle considered, and multiparameter optimization geometric shape parameters flow developed. turbulent viscous compressible in main simulated with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations shear stress transport (SST) tur...

The radiation of sound from a perfectly expanded Mach 2.5 cold supersonic jet of 25.4 mm exit diameter flowing through a partially open rigid-walled duct with an upstream i-deflector has been studied experimentally. In the experiments, the nozzle is mounted vertically, with the nozzle exit plane at a height of 73 jet diameters above ground level. Relative to the nozzle exit plane (NEP), the loc...

in this article, an algorithm for designing of a supersonic wind tunnel injection nozzle ejector is presented and based on this algorithm, a new ejector is designed for a supersonic wind tunnel. the injection nozzle consists of a volute, a nozzle, and several vanes. designed injection nozzle is simulated numerically, and the results are compared with the present injection nozzle. the results sh...

High-efficiency rock breaking by hydraulic jetting is the key to radial horizontal drilling technology. In order improve efficiency of jet in wells, based on LS-Dyna display dynamics, a numerical simulation model single-nozzle was established analyze influence different nozzle parameters rock-breaking effect. Then, spin multi-nozzle bit established, and rotation speeds effect analyzed. Finally,...