The Big Bang frame of work for cosmology is a theoretical construct based upon one possible interpretation of the Hubble observation of the red shift from distant galaxiwa. Almost all of the scientific experimental evidence has been interpreted under the Big-Bang hypothesis. And the results have been very promising though with a few important drawbacks. The main point in our present work is to ...

If it is assumed that the Universe did not start in a singularity and that the laws of physics apply equally to the time 13.75 billion years ago then the Universe at that time should correspond to a wavefunction or state vector. We shall find that this state vector should be very special and highly symmetrical. By making some reasonable assumptions about the initial conditions of the Universe w...

In this paper it is investigated whether torsion, which arises naturally in most theories of quantum gravity, has observable implications for the Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Torsion can lead to spin flips amongst neutrinos thus turning them into sterile neutrinos. In the early Universe they can alter the helium abundance which is tightly constrained by observations. Here I calculate to what exten...

Among the different lateral force resisting systems, shear walls are of appropriate stiffness and hence are extensively employed in the design of high-rise structures. The architectural concerns regarding the safety of these structures have further widened the application of coupled shear walls. The present study investigated the optimal dimensional design of coupled shear walls based on the im...

For supersymmetric theories with gravitino dark matter, the maximal reheating temperature consistent with big bang nucleosynthesis bounds arises when the physical gaugino masses are degenerate. We consider the cases of a stau or sneutrino next-tolightest superpartner, which have relatively less constraint from big bang nucleosynthesis. The resulting parameter space is consistent with leptogenes...

We investigate in detail the parameter space of active-sterile neutrino oscillations that amplifies neutrino chemical potentials at the epoch of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We calculate the magnitude of the amplification and show evidences of chaos in the amplification process. We also discuss the implications of the neutrino chemical potential amplification in the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. It is...

Recent observational and theoretical developments concerning the primordial synthesis of the light elements are reviewed, and the implications for dark matter mentioned.

Systematic uncertainties in the light-element abundances and their evolution make a rigorous statistical assessment difficult. However, using Bayesian methods we show that the following statement is robust: the predicted and measured abundances are consistent with 95% credibility only if the baryon-to-photon ratio is between 2× 10 and 6.5× 10 and the number of light neutrino species is less tha...