the issue of “right” is an important subject in field of political, legal and moral thoughts to the extent that the modern age is called “the age of right”. modern man is rightful, providing his welfare is not his first priority. instead, access to and attaining his rights is what can bring him peace of mind. it is properly held that right is not confined to specific aspect of life but covers d...

With the ubiquitous deployment of large scale networks, more and more complex human interactions are supported by computer applications. This poses new challenges on the expressiveness of security policy design systems, often requiring the use of new security paradigms. In this paper we identify a restricted type of obligation which is useful to express new security policies. This type of oblig...

How are claims about what people ought to do related to claims about what ought to be the case? That is, how are claims about of personal obligation, of the form s ought to φ, related to claims about impersonal obligation, of the form it ought to be the case that p? Many philosophers have held that the former type of claim can be reduced to the latter. In particular, they have held a view known...

NOTE: © Blackwell Publishing and the American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics. This version is not definitive. It has been posted with permission and is not for citation or further distribution. The definitive version is P.B. Miller & C. Weijer, “Fiduciary Obligation in Clinical Research,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2006; 34(2): 424-440. It is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com o...

In this paper, we give formal analyses of notions of fraud for the aim of verification of trade procedures. A fraud possibility is seen as an undesirable property of a trade procedure which its specification should not satisfy. It is argued that fraud may occur (in a trade procedure) when an agent violates an obligation and he/she also deceives another agent (a controller) about the fulfilment ...

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