infection-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (cvst) is a rare cerebral vascular diseases which has no pathognomonic sign or definite diagnostic approach. it is crucial to early suspect and recognize the disease to lower morbidity and mortality of it. however, its low incidence and atypic presentation often leads to misdiagnosis and treatment delay which increase complications and mortalit...

[1] The presence of valley networks (VN) on Mars suggests that early Mars was warmer and wetter than present. However, detailed geomorphic analyses of individual networks have not led to a consensus regarding their origin. An additional line of evidence can be provided by the global pattern of dissection on Mars, but the currently available global map of VN, compiled from Viking images, is inco...

abstract seizure disorders are the most common neurological illnesses in infants and children. presented is an 8 year old boy with nocturnal vomiting episodes, found to have eeg characteristics of early onset benign occipital epilepsy, better known as panayiotopoulos syndrome.

291 Dear Editor-in-Chief, We have read the paper of Song et al. [1] on frontonasal dysplasia deformity. It was an interesting discussion of an image that depicts a boy with a nose deformity, and it was reported that no basal encephalocele was observed. We would like to point out that we had a similar case of a girl with the same nose deformity. As in the report by Song et al., our patient also ...

how to cite this article: barzegar m, sayadnasiri m, tabrizi a. epilepsy as a rare neurologic manifestation of oculodentodigitalis dysplasia. iran j child neurol 2012; 6(3): 39-43. oculodentodigitalis dysplasia (oddd) is an extremely rare inherited disorderinvolving the development of the face, eyes, teeth and limbs. in addition,some patients develop neurological problems mostly a spastic parap...

the rare form of skeletal dysplasia is thanatophoric dysplasia. the meaning for thanatophoric dysplasia is death bearing which is derived from greek word. it occurs 1in 20,000 to 50,000. it is mainly due to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3gene. features of thanatophoric dysplasia are frontal bossing, prominent eyes, narrow thorax, protruded abdomen and bowed legs. the knowle...

introduction: leukoplakia is the most common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa and may range microscopically form benign hyperkeratosis to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. p53 is a tumor suppressor protein; whereas, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (pcna) is a proliferative marker. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expressions of p53 and pcna in oral leukopla...

schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, immunodeficiency, and spondyloepiphy-seal dysplasia. mutations in swi/snf2 related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1 (smarcal1) gene are responsible for the disease. the present report describes, for the first tim...

balint’s syndrome is a rare neurological disorder associated with bilateral parieto-occipital damage which was described by rezsö bálint in 1909.the syndrome is manifested clinically by the presence of a hemispatial negligence. the lesion is usually inside parietooccipital region bilaterally in most cases but may also be compromised angular convolutions, the dorsolateral area of the occipital l...

it is sometimes difficult to recognize a jaw lesion as osteosarcoma, ossifying fibroma or ‎fibrous dysplasia in routine hematoxylin and ‎eosin staining and a more accurate technique is needed to differentiate these ‎lesions. ‎many studies have shown the potential usefulness of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (agnor) parameters for the diagnosis of various neoplasms. this study was car...