We demonstrate that state-of-the-art optical character recognition (OCR) based on deep learning is vulnerable to adversarial images. Minor modifications to images of printed text, which do not change the meaning of the text to a human reader, cause the OCR system to “recognize” a different text where certain words chosen by the adversary are replaced by their semantic opposites. This completely...

There are about 300 million people in India who speak Hindi and write Devnagari script. Research in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is popular for its application potential in banks, post offices, defense organizations and library automation etc. However most of the OCR systems are available for European texts. In this paper, we have proposed a technique for OCR System for different five fo...

Text image super-resolution is a challenging yet open research problem in the computer vision community. In particular, low-resolution images hamper the performance of typical optical character recognition (OCR) systems. In this article, we summarize our entry to the ICDAR2015 Competition on Text Image Super-Resolution. Experiments are based on the provided ICDAR2015 TextSR dataset [3] and the ...

The aim of the study was to test whether the source of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a determinant of beta cell function. We hypothesized that elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ caused by the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have little physiologic impact on oxygen consumption and insulin secretion. Ca2+ release from the ER was induced in isolated rat islets by acetylcholine and ...

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been associated with podocyte injury; we have examined its effect on podocyte bioenergetics. We studied transformed mouse podocytes, exposed to TGF-β1, using a label-free assay system, Seahorse XF24, which measures oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR). Both basal OCR and ATP generation-coupled OCR were significantly h...

In this paper we describe our efforts in reducing and correcting OCR errors in the context of building a large multilingual heritage corpus of Alpine texts which is based on digitizing the publications of various Alpine clubs. We have already digitized the yearbooks of the Swiss Alpine Club from its start in 1864 until 1995 with more than 75,000 pages resulting in 29 million running words. Sinc...

The trend to digitize (historic) paper-based archives has emerged in the last years. The advantages of digital archives are easy access, searchability and machine readability. These advantages can only be ensured if few or no OCR errors are present. These errors are the result of misrecognized characters during the OCR process. Large archives make it unreasonable to correct errors manually. The...

Recently growing attention has been paid to recognizing text in natural images. Natural image text OCR is far more complex than OCR in scanned documents. Text in real world environments appears in arbitrary colors, font sizes and font types, often affected by perspective distortion, lighting effects, textures or occlusion. Currently there are no datasets publicly available which cover all aspec...

• Recognition of logical document structures [1], where knowledge of the font used in a word, line, or text block may be useful for defining its logical label (chapter title, section title or paragraph). • Document reproduction, where knowledge of the font is necessary in order to reproduce (reprint) the document. • Document indexing and information retrieval, where word indexes are generally p...

An optical character recognition (OCR) system enables a user to feed an article directly into an electronic computer file and translate the optically scanned bitmaps of text characters into machine-readable codes; that is, ASCII, Chinese GB, as well as Big5 codes, and then edits it by using a word processor. OCR is hence being employed by libraries to digitize and preserve their holdings. Billi...