Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an important factor for vision loss in developed countries. A challenging aspect of the ocular infection by HSV-1 is that common treatments, such as acyclovir, fail to provide effective topical remedies. Furthermore, it is not very clear whether the viral glycoproteins, required for HSV-1 entry into the host, can be targeted for an effective therapy agains...

As well as being the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection, Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading infectious cause of blindness. The pathogenesis of ocular chlamydial infection (trachoma) is similar to that of genital infection. In the 1960s the efficacy of Ct vaccines against ocular infection was evaluated in major field trials in Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, The Gambia, India and ...

Dirofilariasis is caused by a Filariid parasite of the genus Dirofilaria. This zoonotic infection is spread by mosquito vector from animal to human. Ocular Dirofilariasis involving the eye and adnexa is rare. A nodule in the right eye had developed in a 20-year-old soldier from Mazandaran province, north of Iran. The mass was removed surgically and measured 5x5 mm. The specimen was identifi...

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a member of the Herpesvirus family, occurs commonly and infects more than 90% people worldwide. Most systemic EBV infections throughout childhood adulthood are typically asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. Even though ocular involvements in infrequently reported, an increasing number manifestations have been previously reported . Ocular manifestation caused by infect...

INTRODUCTION T oxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii , that infects up to a third of the world’s population. Infections may be acquired congenitally or through the ingestion or handling of undercooked or raw infected meat, contaminated vegetables or water. The disease is asymptomatic in many immunocompetent hosts, however ocular lesions may be present in up to ...

BACKGROUND A few reports have described ocular complications of influenza A infection, such as impaired ocular movement, parasympathetic ocular nerve, keratitis, macular lesion, and frosted branch angiitis. We encountered a rare case of acute anterior uveitis and optic neuritis associated with influenza A infection. CASE PRESENTATION A 70-year-old man presented with symptoms of upper respirat...

Presumptive embolic chorioretinal Torulopsis glabrata infection is described in a patient who had received prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy. The ocular findings are compared and contrasted with embolic lesions due to Candida albicans. The patient was treated for 6 weeks with intravenous miconazole. During this time there was shrinkage of the ocular lesions, some improvement in vision an...

The rabbit ocular model was used to determine if flurbiprofen, a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, caused exacerbation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Acute ocular HSV infections treated with flurbiprofen (0.1%) or dexamethasone (0.1%) drops four times a day for 10 days were similar in severity and duration as measured by corneal lesions, conjunctivitis, and corneal clouding. Ey...

To evaluate the anti-HSV-1 mechanisms of murine IFN-beta in ocular infection, mice were transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing murine IFN-beta (Ad:IFN-beta). Ocular transduction with Ad:IFN-beta resulted in enhanced survival following infection with HSV-1. The protective effect was associated with a reduction in 1) viral titer, 2) viral gene expression, 3) IFN-gamma levels, and 4) the ...