objective(s): the effect of maternal voluntary exercise on hippocampal bdnf level in rat offspring was studied. in addition, the possible role of hippocampal bdnf receptors in maternal exercise induced enhancement of learning in the rat pups was investigated.   materials and methods: pregnant rats have been randomly assigned to sedentary control or voluntary exercise groups. each of the exercis...

Objective(s): To evaluate whether prenatal exposure to TAK242 affects childhood autism in the offspring in animal models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods:The pregnant rats were pseudo-randomly divided into three groups, the ASD model group, the TAK242 treatment group, and the control group. The ASD model was constructed by injecting IP with LPS. The blood samples from 1-...

background: polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in women. previous studies have shown that prenatal exposure of female fetuses to androgen can be considered an important factor in the development of pcos. objectives: in the present study we aimed to examine the effects of prenatal exposure of female rat fetuses to previously documented doses of test...

Consider a Galton–Watson process with immigration. This paper studies the limits of the sequential estimator, proposed by [Sriram, T.N., Basawa, I.V., and Huggins, R.M., (1991). Sequential estimation for branching processes with immigration. Ann. Statist. 19, 2232–2243.] and the modified sequential estimator, proposed by [Shete, S., Sriram, T.N., 1998. Fixed precision estimator of the offspring...

In addition to Coleman’s theory of social capital in explaining family background on children’s educational achievement, researchers also hypothesized the mediating mechanisms being (1) deprivation of economic resources, (2) lesser parental involvement and monitoring in children’s education, and (3) fewer network ties to obtain information and other supports related to learning. Indeed, strong ...

This paper examines unionism’s relationship to the size of the middle class and its relationship to intergenerational mobility. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) 1985 and 2011 files are used to examine the change in the share of workers in a middle-income group (defined by persons having incomes within 50 percent of the median) and use a shift-share decomposition to explore how the decline ...

background: the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) is thought to be involved in the development of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nscl/p). however, conflicting results have been obtained when evaluating the association between maternal mthfr c677t and a1298c polymorphisms and the risk of nscl/p. in light of this gap, a meta-analysis of all eligible case-control st...

Developmental instability (DI), often measured by fluctuating asymmetry (FA) or the frequency of phenodeviants (fPD), is thought to increase with stress. However, specifically for stressors of maternal origin, evidence of such negative associations with DI is scarce. Whereas effects of maternal stress on DI have predominately been examined retroactively in humans, very little is known from expe...

Objective(s): Maternal high-fat diet has been shown to have deleterious effects on the offspring bones. However, there is no study to assess the effects of type and amount of maternal dietary oil in an isocaloric diet, with focus on extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that type of maternal dietary oil has more effects than its amount in a...

  Objective(s): Epilepsy is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is strongly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Gestational stress has been shown to be an important factor for affecting seizure susceptibility. The present study was conducted to address whether gestational stress may affect pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic behavior in rat offspring in a sex- and a...