Recently, the world has experienced striking economic and policy changes, subsequent uncertainties have impacts on dairy trade price fluctuations. The Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) methodology was established in this paper to better understand international butter export prices transmission, feedback between context changes fluctuations, link global market, energy other commodity markets....

successful export of a commodity is closely dependent upon observing the related international standards. aflatoxin standard is an important index of pistachio import/export market. a lot of pistachio consignments are annually rejected because of being infected with aflatoxin. this results in export market's instability and fluctuations. the role of aflatoxin contammination in pistachio ma...

Nowadays one of the most important issues in our economy, both from economic and political view is the link between monetary policy and business cycle fluctuations. Amongst the shocks related to the supply side, the shock of oil price is the important factor that has affected the world economy since the 1970s. This paper examines the effects of monetary policy and oil price shocks on the busine...

We examine the effect of oil price fluctuations on democratic institutions over the 1960-2007 period. We also exploit the very persistent response of income to oil price fluctuations to study the effect of persistent (oil price-driven) income shocks on democracy. Our results indicate that countries with greater net oil exports over GDP see improvements in democratic institutions following uptur...

foreign direct investment (fdi) plays a crucial role in the economic literature, especially in developing countries. it is also an important factor for policy makers to analyze the relation between foreign direct investment and other important economic variables. one of these variables is export which is always mentioned in iran's economic development programs. in this study, the relation betwe...

The purpose of this short study was to identify the drivers of export orientation of firms in the subsea oil and gas industry in Western Norway. As the oil fields in the North Sea are approaching a stage of maturity, gaining knowledge of these drivers is crucial. An online survey was conducted of firms operating in the subsea oil and gas industry in the region. Consistent with previous research...

Faiz Bilquees Tahir Mukhtar The study explores the causal relationship among export instability, income terms of trade instability and economic growth in India. By using the cointegration test and the vector error correction model for the period 1960 to 2008, the study demonstrates that there exists a long run equilibrium relationship among export instability, income terms of trade instability,...

The price of oil is affected by several economic, political, social, and climatic factors, in addition to the nature prevailing market. It also subject “continuous fluctuations due international market,” which characterized dynamism instability. Monday, April 20, 2020 considered a black day history industry as standard American prices collapsed 300% during that day's trading. general budget Ira...