Until recently, olfactory dysfunction was an unknown feature of narcolepsy. Orexin A, also called hypocretin-1, is abnormally decreased or undetectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic patients with cataplexies. As hypothalamic orexin-containing neurons project throughout the entire olfactory pathway, from the olfactory mucosa to the olfactory cortex, disturbed orexinergic transmission...

Dysfunction of the sense smell and taste may have severeimpact on quality life overall health. Detection ofbad in local environment is a warning sign for aperson good pleasurable life. Similarlysense also very important pleasure toavoid intake hazardous meal or drink. Unfortunately,knowledge about dysfunction verylimited little work has been conducted this field.There long list disorders diseas...

Introduction: In patients with COVID-19, olfactory dysfunction and anosmia have been reported, which in pregnant women occur up to 24.2 %. Objective: To know the frequency SARS-CoV-2 infection dysfunction. Methods: Age, gestational age, temperature, presence of nasal constipation or rhinorrhea, myalgia, headache, cough chest pain were asked. Whether perceived identified scent grape juice, cof...

Decreased ability to smell is present in adults with Down's syndrome, many of whom are known to have brain pathology analogous to that seen in Alzheimer's disease. Because olfactory loss is well documented in Alzheimer's disease, the question arises whether young adolescents with Down's syndrome, who have no clear Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology, also exhibit olfactory dysfunction. To c...

Introduction Loss of smell is involved in various neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. However, the olfactory test is usually neglected by physicians at large. Objective The aim of this study was to review the current literature about the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases. Data Synthesi...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor neurodegenerative disorder. Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent feature of PD. It often precedes motor symptoms by several years and is used in assisting PD diagnosis. However, the cellular and molecular bases of olfactory dysfunction in PD are not known. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, expressing human alpha-synuclein protein or its mut...