Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common among males and ninth females worldwide. The purpose of this study to detect association Human papilloma virus subtype 16 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Khartoum state Hospitals by polymerase chain reaction method. A retrospective descriptive archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from Esophageal Squamous cells specimens acquired at O...

–Microalbuminuria is persistent albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/day, in patients with diabetes it is usually indicative of diabetic nephropathy which is most common cause of end stage renal disease, it is also associated with cardiovascular disease. Early detection of microalbuminuria and early control of diabetes retards the development of structural changes in early diabetic nephropat...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Pathogenic organisms are thought to be widely distributed among food handlers. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of carriers of some pathogenic bacteria and intestinal parasites among food handlers in the city of Omdurman, Sudan. METHODS A total of 518 nasal swabs and stool specimens were collected. Nasal swabs were cultured on bacteriological culture media. ...