Eric See-To Department of Management Science Lancaster University Management School Open source software (OSS) is now posing significant competition to proprietary or closed source software (CSS) in several software markets. In this paper, we characterize the response of a firm developing CSS to the presence of an OSS in its market. In particular, we look at the firm's choice of resource invest...

It has been suggested that septal nuclei are important in the control of behavior during various reward and non-reward situations. In the present study, neuronal activity was recorded from rat septal nuclei during discrimination of conditioned sensory stimuli (CSs) of the medial forebrain bundle associated with or without a reward (sucrose solution or intracranial self-stimulation, ICSS). Rats ...

A technique to prove termination of term rewrite systems, or more precise, constructorsystems (CSs) is presented.Soundnessof this technique is proved and it is described how the technique can be performed automatically for a subclass of the CSs. Whereas simplification orders fail in proving termination of CSs that are not simply terminating, the presented technique may still automatically prove...

In this paper, we present a novel feature extraction approach based on Curvature Scale Space (CSS) for translation, scale, and rotation invariant recognition of hand poses. First, the CSS images are used to represent the shapes of boundary contours of hand poses. Then, we extract the multiple sets of CSS features to overcome the problem of deep concavities in contours of hand poses. Finally, ne...

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated its effectiveness on various downstream NLP tasks recently. However, in many low-resource scenarios, the conventional fine-tuning strategies cannot sufficiently capture important semantic features for tasks. To address this issue, we introduce a novel framework (named "CSS-LM") to improve phase of PLMs via contrastive semi-supervis...

Several cases of eosinophilic conditions including ChurgStrauss syndrome (CSS) have recently been reported in asthmatic patients being treated with antileukotriene receptor antagonists. One patient with CSS who experienced a clinical relapse after treatment with montelukast and two asthmatic patients who developed CSS while receiving montelukast treatment are described. In one case reduction in...

It has been a significant and challenging issue to derive the complex valid contracted graphs (CGs) with hexagonal links plus other links and identify their isomorphism for creating novel closed mechanisms. This paper focuses on the derivation of the valid CGs with hexagonal links plus other links using the characteristic strings (CSs). First, the concepts on the CGs and CSs are explained, and ...