A small number (1-5%) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases associated with the early-onset form of the disease (EOAD) appears to be transmitted as a pure genetic, autosomal dominant trait. To date, three genes responsible for familial EOAD have been identified in the human genome: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), and presenilin 2 (PS2). Mutations in these genes account for a si...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder with a clear genetic component. Three genes have been identified as the cause of early onset familial AD (EOAD). The most common form of the disease, late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), is, however, a sporadic one presenting itself in later stages of life. The genetic component of this late onset form of AD has been the target of a large number ...

Autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) is a heterogeneous condition that has been associated with mutations in 3 different genes: the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes. Most cases are due to mutations in the PSEN1 gene, whereas mutations in the APP and PSEN2 genes are rare. Mutation analysis of the APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes w...

Combination therapy with galantamine and memantine improves Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease Atsushi Hamuro 天久台病院 精神科[〒 900-0005 沖縄県那覇市天久 1123] Amekudai Hospital, Department of Psychiatry (1123 Ameku, Naha, Okinawa 900-0005, Japan) (池嶋,朝田,2010).EOADと 65歳を超えて発症 する老年期のアルツハイマー型認知症は,病理所見 で老人斑と神経原線維を主に有するという点で同じ であるが,臨床症状,遺伝背景の...

Alzheimer disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two frequent forms of primary neurodegenerative dementias with overlapping clinical symptoms. Pathogenic mutations of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins 1 and 2 (PSEN1, PSEN2) genes have been linked to familial early-onset forms of AD; however, more recently mutations in the common FTD genes encoding the microtubule a...

OBJECTIVE Late diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be due to diagnostic uncertainties. We aimed to determine the sequence and timing of the appearance of established early signs and symptoms in people who are subsequently diagnosed with AD. METHODS We used systematic review methodology to investigate the existing literature. Articles were reviewed in May 2016, using the following databa...

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by abnormal elevation of Abeta peptide and abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. The "amyloid hypothesis," which is based on molecular defects observed in autosomal-dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), suggests a serial model of causality, whereby elevation of Abeta drives other disease features including tau hyperphosphorylation. Her...

Synapse loss is an early and invariant feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is a strong correlation between the extent of synapse loss and the severity of dementia. Accordingly, it has been proposed that synapse loss underlies the memory impairment evident in the early phase of AD and that since plasticity is important for neuronal viability, persistent disruption of plasticity may acc...