To test whether simple expression units used in DNA vaccines can generate immunogenic, MHC class I-binding epitopes by translating other than the primary open reading frame (ORF), we constructed a vector (pCI/SX) that encodes the small hepatitis B surface Ag in the primary ORF, and a C-terminal fragment (residue 344-832) of the polymerase (Pol) in an alternative (out-of-frame) reading frame. pC...

In general, the zeros of an orthogonal rational function (ORF) on a subset of the real line, with poles among {α1, . . . , αn} ⊂ (C0 ∪ {∞}), are not all real (unless αn is real), and hence, they are not suitable to construct a rational Gaussian quadrature rule (RGQ). For this reason, the zeros of a so-called quasi-ORF or a so-called paraORF are used instead. These zeros depend on one single par...

We have been studying the functions of PCNA (proliferating-cell nuclear antigen) for the assembly and reassembly of the replisome during replication fork progression. We have identified the functional interactions between PCNA and several proteins involved in DNA replication and repair from Pyrococcus furiosus. We recently reported that the activity of UDG (uracil-DNA glycosylase) in P. furiosu...

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (phosphoglucose isomerase [PGI]) (EC 5.3.1.9) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was purified 500-fold to homogeneity. The enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 43 kDa and was composed of a single type of subunit of 23 kDa indicating a homodimeric (alpha(2)) structure. Kinetic constants of the enzyme were determined at the optimal pH 7 and a...

Human ACAT 1 cDNA K1 was first cloned and functionally expressed in 1993. There are two adjacent in-frame AUG codons, AUG(1397-1399) and AUG(1415-1417), at 5'-terminus of the open reading frame (ORF, nt 1397-3049) of human ACAT1 mRNA corresponding to cDNA K1. In current work, these two adjacent inframe AUGs at 5'-terminus of the predicted ORF (5'-ORF-AUGs) as start codons for translation initia...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8) involves the expansion of CTG/CAG repeats from the overlapping ataxin 8 opposite strand (ATXN8OS) and ataxin 8 (ATXN8) genes located on chromosome 13q21. Although being transcribed, spliced and polyadenylated in the CTG orientation, ATXN8OS does not itself appear to be protein coding, as only small open reading frames (ORFs) were noted. In the present study ...

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Lyssavirus genus, employing P gene sequences from 128 isolates recovered globally, is presented. While confirming prior suggestions of the genetic distinctness of the Australian bat lyssaviruses, these data also revealed a clear division within the rabies virus clade (Genotype 1) between globally distributed viruses circulating predominantly in canid...

The circadian clock is an endogenous regulation mechanism that coordinates biological processes with daily changes, which are regulated by genes. Bmal1 and Period key genes their roles in reproductive development have been widely studied. spawning time of Sinonovacula constricta limited to the night even under external artificial stimulation, it might be internal clock. In this study, heart rat...

The Kansas strain of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is 100- to 1,000-fold restricted in replication in the respiratory tracts of nonhuman primates compared to human PIV3 (HPIV3), an important pathogen of infants and young children. BPIV3 is also restricted in replication in human infants and children, yet it is immunogenic and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as a vacc...

A genomic analysis of 18 P. aeruginosa phages, including nine newly sequenced DNA genomes, indicates a tremendous reservoir of proteome diversity, with 55% of open reading frames (ORFs) being novel. Comparative sequence analysis and ORF map organization revealed that most of the phages analyzed displayed little relationship to each other.