HIV causes AIDS by depleting CD4 + T cells. This weakens the immune system and allow opportunistic infections (Hel et al., 2006). Oropharyngeal candidiasis, often the first sign of HIV infection, is the most prevalent fungal opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals (Barr, 1992). Numerous oral manifestations have been described for HIV-infected patients and the most common are those r...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are increased in patients with HIV infection leading to increased apoptosis and reduced CD4 cell life. Pentoxiphylline is a TNF inhibitor with properties that might make it useful for the treatment of HIV infection. These include improved cell mediated immunity and inhibition of viral replication. We carried out this study to determ...

The emergence and pandemic spread of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a great challenge to public health at present time. After the first reported case in early 1980’s, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has emerged as a leading cause of death infecting approximately 33 million people worldwide. In India, about 2.1 million people are living with HIV infection [1]. The majo...

Currently HIV infection in Kazakhstan is mainly spread among population groups with risk taking behavior (injection drug users - IDUs, sex workers SWs). The lesions and fatalities patients are caused by complications, i.e. the development of opportunistic infections secondary diseases. Timely diagnosis these conditions determines success treatment life expectancy patients. Among superinfections...

Opportunistic viral infections of the central nervous system represent a significant cause morbidity and mortality among an increasing number immunocompromised patients. Since antiviral treatments are usually poorly effective, prognosis generally relies on ability to achieve timely immune reconstitution. Hence, strategies aimed at reinvigorating activity have recently emerged. Among these, viru...

BACKGROUND One of the major health problems among HIV sero-positive patients are superimposed infections due to the deficient immunity. Furthermore, intestinal parasitic (IP) infections, which are also one of the basic health problems in tropical regions, are common in these patients. Infection by opportunistic pathogens, including various forms of intestinal parasites has been the hall mark of...

As an acquired immunodeficiency, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is primarily responsible for opportunistic infections in infected patients. However, opportunistic infections also occur in individuals with human T cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Here, we report opportunistic infections in two Japanese HTLV-1-seropositive patients. The first patient was a 67-year...

Article history: Received on: 22/12/2015 Revised on: 11/03/2016 Accepted on: 17/06/2016 Available online: 26/09/2016 With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, there is a dramatic decrease in the morbidity and mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Due to varying degree of immunosuppression, patients are prone to various number of infections in their lifetime....