The traditional contract between the network and the lower layers states that the network does routing and the lower layers deliver correct packets. In a wireless network, however, different nodes may hear most bits in a transmission, yet none of them receives the whole packet uncorrupted. The current approach imposes fate sharing on the bits, dropping a whole packet because of a few incorrect ...

Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) is gaining popularity among researchers due to its peculiar features. But there are so many challenges in the design of UWSN system, and these quite unsustainable dynamic nature water waves. Perhaps most tedious challenge for UWSNs how transfer data at destination with a minimal energy rate. It can be accomplished by exploiting geographic opportunistic routing s...