Understanding the structure-activity relationship of catalysts and reaction pathway is crucial for designing efficient, selective, stable electrocatalytic systems. In situ vibrational spectroscopy provides a unique tool decoding molecular-level factors involved in reactions. Typically, spectra are recorded when system reaches steady states under set potentials, known as steady-state measurement...

24 Recent interest has focused on a class of decision problems in which subjects encounter options serially and 25 must decide when to leave an option in search of a better one, rather than directly comparing simultaneously 26 presented options. Although such problems have a rich history in animal foraging and economics, relatively 27 little is known about their neural substrates. Suggestively,...

In his plea for increased resources to implement cancer prevention strategies, Graham Colditz, MD, states that half or more of cancers in the U.S. and other high-income countries are preventable with information already available. He describes the data-driven possibilites: screening, vaccination, exercise, smoking cessation, sun protection, safe sexual practices, and moderate to no alcohol inta...

After reactivation, apparently stable memories can become sensitive to modifications again, requiring another phase of stabilization, called reconsolidation. Recent evidence shows that repeated reactivations strengthen memories and that stronger memories are more resistant to alterations during reconsolidation. Therefore, we asked whether multiple reactivations make memories less vulnerable to ...

An interesting phenomenon called "hidden opportunity cost of time effect" was detected in intertemporal choices. The majority of our participants preferred the smaller but sooner (SS) option to the larger but later (LL) option if opportunity cost was explicit. However, a higher proportion of participants preferred the LL to SS option if opportunity cost was hidden. This shift violates the invar...

Undergraduate medical education has undergone significant changes in development of new curricula, new pedagogies, and new forms of assessment since the Nutrition Academic Award was launched more than a decade ago. With an emphasis on a competency-based curriculum, integrated learning, longitudinal clinical experiences, and implementation of new technology, nutrition educators have an opportuni...

In poignant remembrance of the last Christmas in the Confederate White House, Varina Davis, First Lady of the Confederacy, reflected upon that special event in an extended article for the New York Sunday World, some thirty-two years after the Confederacy’s final Christmas. Davis recounted the event fondly and praised the transformation of her female peers into perfect models of Confederate endu...

This paper evaluates transformative policy innovations with respect to security and taxation in the three main Colombian cities: Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali. In the first two, such policies were associated with huge success. Elsewhere we (Gutiérrez et al. 2009) have tagged these transformation processes as ‘urban/metropolitan miracles’. The term comes from the fact that both common citizens and ...

The American Board of Pathology (ABP) has recently approved a physician-scientist research pathway (PSRP) for pathologists in training. This new pathway was specifically created to increase the recruitment of new physician-scientists to our specialty. Other specialties, such as internal medicine, pediatrics, radiology/radiation oncology, and dermatology, have formally Board approved research tr...

Police investigation units represent a knowledge-intensive and time-critical environment. Knowledge sharing is a key process in investigations. In this paper, we present an empirical study of performance in police investigations. Police investigation units are defined as value shops, where primary detective work is performed. Knowledge sharing is found to have a significant influence on the pol...