We present a detailed theoretical description of a broadband omnidirectional light concentrator and absorber with cylinder geometry. The proposed optical "trap" captures nearly all the incident light within its geometric cross-section, leading to a broad range of possible applications--from solar energy harvesting to thermal light emitters and optoelectronic components. We have demonstrated tha...

The distribution of light scattered by finger joints is studied in the near-IR region. It is shown that variations in the optical parameters of the tissue (scattering coefficient fi^, absorption coefficient fi^, and anisotropy factor g) depend on the presence of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). At the first stage, the distribution of scattered light was measured in diaphanoscopic experiments. The...

Nuclear transparency in the (e, e′p) reaction for 135 ≤ Tp ≤ 800 MeV is investigated using the distorted wave approximation. Calculations using densitydependent effective interactions, both empirical and theoretical, are compared with phenomenological optical potentials. We find that nuclear transparency is well correlated with proton absorption and neutron total cross sections and that calcula...

We report the absorption cross-section of colloidal InAs quantum dots of mean radii from 1.6 to 3.45 nm. We find excellent agreement between the measured results and calculated values based on a model of small-particle light absorption. The absorption cross-section per dot is 6.2 x 10(-16)R(3) cm(2) at 2.76 eV and 3.15 x 10(-16)R(1.28) cm(2) at the first-exciton absorption peak, with the dot ra...

We determine optical absorption cross sections of single-wall carbon nanotubes for visible light copolarized and cross polarized with respect to the nanotube axis. The need for perfectly aligned ensembles in absorbance measurements is eliminated by using Raman scattering to measure the nematic order parameter in magnetically aligned nanotube suspensions. The absorbance data allow the first quan...

The optical absorption anisotropy of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been quantitatively characterized through the determination of the absorbance and the degree of linear polarization. A model considering the orientation of the MWCNTs and the sensitivity to both co-polarized and cross-polarized radiation, through electric field depolarization effects, was used to understand the expe...

This chapter describes applications of ammonia in agriculture, pharmaceutical and environmental industries and optoelectronic methods of its detection. In Section 2 the discovery, the chemical structure, reactivity and application of ammonia are reviewed. Applications in agriculture, cleaning products, pharmaceutical industries, beauty products, the benefits and dangers of ammonia to human heal...

The silicate cross section peak near 10μm produces emission and absorption features in the spectra of dusty galactic nuclei observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Especially in ultraluminous infrared galaxies, the observed absorption feature can be extremely deep, as IRAS 08572+3915 illustrates. A foreground screen of obscuration cannot reproduce this observed feature, even at large optical...

We describe the use of two-photon absorption in submicron silicon wire waveguides for all-optical switching by cross-absorption modulation. Optical pulses of 3.2 ps were successfully converted from high power pump to low power continuous-wave signal with a fast recovery time. High speed operation was based on the induced optical absorption from non-degenerate two-photon absorption inside the wa...