statement of the problem assessment of tooth caries rate, especially in high-risk portion of the society, is important in order to plan appropriate preventive protocols purpose the aim of the present study was to determine dental caries prevalence in 13‒19-year-old iranian students using two different caries indicators, including dmft and sic index. materials and methods a total of 398 students...

Introduction: It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease. There are lot of changes in lifestyle and food consumption patterns during the muslim fasting of 30 days during month of Ramadan. This study focuses to find the oral hygiene practices and perceptions of fasting individuals. Methods: A questi...

statement of problem: candidal colonies make up a part of natural oral flora and are considered as predisposing factors for opportunistic infections. since hemodialysis leads to body immune suppression and make patients susceptible to opportunistic infections, it is useful to investigate the relationship between hemodialysis and such infections.purpose: the aim of the present research was to st...

autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic hepatitis that occurs in children and adults of all ages. diagnosis is based upon characteristic serologic and histologic findings and the exclusion of other forms of chronic liver disease. guidelines issued by the aasld suggest the following diagnostic considerations: the diagnosis should be made in patients with compatible clinical signs, symptoms, and labora...

prebiotic: a nondigestible food ingredient that benefits the host by selectively stimulating the favorable growth and/ or activity of 1 or more indigenous prebiotic bacteria. prebiotics can modify the intestinal flora and interact with the immune system of the host against specific pathogens. however clinical trials are currently limited and a beneficial effect of prebiotic in treatment acute d...

autoimmune hepatitis is (aih) is a chronic hepatitis that occurs in children and adults of all ages. it is characterized by immunologic and autoimmune features, including circulating auto antibodies and high serum globulin concentrations. it was first described in the 1950s by term of chronic active hepatitis. it has 2 types with different auto antibodies. diagnosis is based upon serologic and ...

the liver is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of many kinds of hormones, various abnormalities hormone levels are found in advanced liver disease. for example the liver is, extremely sensitive to changes in insulin or glucagon levels. the liver is the primary organ of iron storage is frequently involved, diabetes is common in patients with iron overload and may be seen in cirrhosis. chr...

objectives: homeopathy is the most important field of alternative medicine. at present, over 3000 organic medications have been registered in the homeopathy pharmacopeia; out of which, 70% have herbal, 20% have mineral and the remaining have animal origins. evidence shows that homeopathy may be beneficial in dentistry and oral medicine. however, this is a less known field for dentists. therefor...

background: crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract including the mouth. bowel symptoms are predominant. oral involvement may precede the gi symptoms. this case report presents a patient affected by crohn’s disease with oral onset. case presentation: we present a 30-year-old pregnant woman complaining of chronic, multiple, yel...

cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common tropical dermatose with diverse clinical presentations. at times, it may appear in unusual shape or unusual site that causes diagnostic challenge. we reported a case of unusual presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis which appeared as an ulcer on the lower lip of a ten-year-old boy. the diagnosis was confirmed by identifying leishmania parasites at ulcer smea...