The mechanisms of oral vaccination have not been clarified yet. In this study, the mechanisms that prevent infection by oral vaccination with Vivrio cholerae (V. cholerae) were investigated. Mice were orally vaccinated with the whole cells, or IF 30 of V. cholerae. The splenic cells or Peyer's patches (PP) cells of these mice were removed and their in vitro antibacterial activity against V. cho...

Ivermectin is a worldwide-used antiparasitic drug largely administered to cattle as a topical formulation (pour-on). The actual plasma and faecal disposition of pour-on ivermectin in cattle was documented using an original pharmacokinetic model, and taking into account the oral ingestion of the topical drug following physiological licking as a secondary route of exposure. Six pairs of monozygot...

Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid found in the roots of Tabernanthe Iboga (Apocynaceae family), a rain forest shrub that is native to western Africa. Ibogaine is used by indigenous peoples in low doses to combat fatigue, hunger and thirst, and in higher doses as a sacrament in religious rituals. Members of American and European addict self-help groups have claimed that ibogaine promotes long-term ...

there are several etiologies for agitation and headache in the recovery room, including preoperative or intraoperative drug administrations, physical disorders such as painful surgical procedures, and finally, unusual consequences of some operations such as subarachnoid hemorrhage after orbital decompression, a disastrous complication that should be particularly considered whenever facing any s...

A Box-Behnken design with three replicates was used for preparation and evaluation of Eudragit vancomycin (VCM) nanoparticles prepared by double emulsion. The purpose of this work was to optimize VCM nanoparticles to improve the physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles were formed by using W1/O/W2 double-emulsion solvent evaporation method using Eudragit RS as a retardant material. Full factor...

Intravenous administration of vitamin C has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and, in some instances, improve physiological function in adult humans. Oral vitamin C administration is typically less effective than intravenous, due in part to inferior vitamin C bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral delivery of vitamin C encapsulated in liposomes. O...

New 1,2,4-triazoles (2) having a difluoro(substituted sulfonyl)methyl moiety were designed and synthesized via alpha,alpha-difluoro-alpha-(substituted thio)acetophenones (3). Compounds (2) showed potent antifungal activities against C. albicans, C. krusei, A. flavus and A. fumigatus in vitro and against C. albicans in vivo for oral and i.v. administrations. Especially, (-)-2a, (-)-2b and (-)-2d...

Prior studies indicate that neonates are very sensitive to ethanol's positive reinforcing effects and to its depressant effects upon breathing. Acetaldehyde (ACD) appears to play a major role in terms of modulating early reinforcing effects of the drug. Yet, there is no pre-existing literature relative to the incidence of this metabolite upon respiratory plasticity. The present study analyzed p...

The guanine derivative antiviral drug acyclovir (ACV) is one of the oldest molecules put downing triumphant market until date, being commercially accessible in a variety dosage forms for oral, topical and parenteral administrations. Clinical purpose this better to new agents due its potential values such as suppression recurrence, security profile, negligible interactions inexpensive. ACV sligh...