This study was designed to examine the effect of environmental enrichment during morphine dependency and withdrawal on the severity of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviors and voluntary morphine consumption in morphine-dependent rats. The rats were injected with bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg, 12 h intervals) of morphine for 14 days following rearing in a sta...

introduction: our previous study has showed that chronic administration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (mgo np) can reduce anxiety in adult male rat. in this study the effects of mgo np on anxiety induced by morphine withdrawal were investigated in adult male mice. methods: adult male nmri mice (weighing 27 ± 3 g) divided into groups: control, receiving intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of mgo...

background: morphine and lidocaine are known to influence the perception of pain. the present study sought to determine the influence of local administration of morphine on lidocaine-induced analgesia in morphine non-dependent (mnd), morphine dependent (md) and morphine withdrawal (mw) animals. methods: adult male wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, mnd, md and mw rats. lidocain...

Objective To compare the relative human abuse potential of intact and manipulated morphine abuse-deterrent, extended-release injection-molded tablets (morphine-ADER-IMT) with that of marketed morphine sulfate ER tablets. Methods This randomized, double-blind, triple-dummy, active- and placebo-controlled, 4-way crossover, single-center study included adult volunteers who were experienced, nond...

BACKGROUND Opioid maintenance treatment is the option of choice to stabilize opioid-dependent patients. Whilst efficacy of methadone and buprenorphine has been studied extensively, fewer data on slow-release oral morphine are available. AIMS This study analyzes the effects of slow-release oral morphine compared to methadone with regard to self-reported mental symptoms, drug use and satisfacti...

Aim: to prospectively evaluate degree of pain during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy after receiving analgesics treatment of oral morphine sulphate compared to suppository sodium diclofenac. Methods: the study group comprised 60 consecutive men subjects (median age 67.8 years) undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy. They were randomized into two groups; group 1 received oral analg...

Forty patients were allocated randomly to receive one of four premedications i.m.: placebo only, morphine 10 mg plus placebo, morphine 10 mg plus cisapride 10 mg and morphine 10 mg plus cisapride 4 mg. Gastric emptying after each premedication was assessed using the oral paracetamol absorption model. The morphine only group and the morphine and cisapride 4 mg group showed delayed gastric emptyi...

Introduction: To study the effect of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent male rats. Methods: Adult male rats were divided randomly into four groups: control (G1), received morphine (G2), received morphine and treated by clove (G3) and only treated by clove (G4). The rats were administered increasing doses of morphine (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/ml), each dose being administered for two days,...

This paper argues for a renewed attempt at morphology in dependency grammar. The proposal made here is based on the concept of the “catena” proposed by Authors (in press). The predecessor to this notion was the “chain” introduced by O‟Grady (1998), and employed by Osborne (2005) and Groß and Osborne (2009). In morphology and morphosyntax, a morph catena is A MORPH OR A COMBINATION OF MORPHS THA...