Stem cells are undifferentiated self regenerating multi potential cells. There are three types of stem cells categories by the ability to form after cells and correlated with the body’s development process. Totipotent: these stem cells can form an entire organism such as fertilized egg. Ploripotent: ploripotent cells are those that can form any cell in the body but cannot form an entire organ...

Background Degenerative retinal diseases, including age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and hereditary retinal dystrophies are major causes of blindness. The principal defect in these diseases is cell loss which is amenable to both cell based neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies. To briefly review the lines of research and potential candidates for cell based therapies among ...

Introduction: The thalassamias refer to a diverse group of hemoglobin disorders characterized by a reduced synthesis of  one or more of globin chains (α,β, γ, δβ,γδβ, δ and εγδβ).The main cure available today for thalassamia is bone marrow transplantation (BMT)  from compatible donor.On December 3, 1981 a 14-month-old child with β-thalassemia major recieved BMT from his HLA-identical sister in...

Trying to use embryonic stem cells about 20 years ago, working with animals,  especially rats began. During these years , many experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells to transform into a variety of cells and transplanting them were led to remarkable success . In the next issue of human stem cells were considered successful until finally in 1998 the first report was published in the proliferat...

The ability to culture human stem cells long term, and possibly indefinitely, and to control how such cells specialise to form the different tissues of the body offers the possibility of major advances in healthcare. Stem cells have been isolated and cultured, but a great deal of research is required to develop cell lines which can generate replacement cells and tissues to treat many diseases.S...

There is increasing trend in using recombinant stem cells as novel therapeutic candidates in different diseases. These studies encompass different applications from targeted homing of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cells (MSC), to arming them with different cytokines. Resistance to transfection or transduction methods had urged researchers to look for better gene delivery alternates and optimizing ...

Tissue engineering is based on three main factors including scaffolds, cells and growth factors. Natural scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering. Decellularization studies have shown that natural scaffolds which maintaine their main structure and properties could be a suitable tool for studying cellular behaviors and preparation...

Backgrounds: A straight-forward way to identify whether a drug or environmental chemical can be harmful to unborn baby is to evaluate its effect on laboratory animals. All invivo methods need large number of animal and are therefore time consuming and expensive. However, the thousands of chemicals in need of testing, to reduce the spending of live animals, an assortment of in vitro assays has ...

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