Organophosphate compounds are the organic derivatives of Phosphorous containing acids and their effect on neuromuscular junction and Autonomic Synapses is clinically important. After exposure these agents cause acute and sub acute manifestations depending on the type and severity of the agents like Acute Cholinergic Manifestations, Intermediate Syndrome with Nicotinic features and Delayed Centr...

Organophosphates have been widely used as insecticides and chemical warfare agents. The health risks associated with these agents have necessitated the need for better detoxification and bioremediation tools. Bacterial enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the lethal organophosphate nerve agents are of special interest. Phosphotriesterase (PTE) isolated from the soil bacteria Pseudomonas diminuta disp...

Dear Editor, Organophosphate insecticides have a triphasic effect on the central nervous system, namely acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome and delayed polyneuropathy. Although acute organophosphate poisoning is relatively common, case reports describing parkinsonism as a neurological complication following an acute intoxication are limited.1 We report a case of parkinsonism noted o...

The research has developed an enzyme biosensor for the detection organophosphate pesticide residues. The biosensor consists of a pair of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCEs). One of electrodes contains immobilized organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) on a chitosan membrane by cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde. The area of the electrodes was optimized to 3, 5, and 7 mm(2). The OPH was isolated ...

Misuse of organophosphate insecticides, even in case of domestic application, can be life threatening. We report the case of siblings admitted with respiratory distress, pinpoint pupils and slurred speech. The symptoms appear after spraying the skin by insecticides. Plasma pseudocholinesterase level appeared to be very low, consistent with acute intoxication with organophosphate insecticide.Man...

INTRODUCTION Acute exposure to pesticide due to suicidal poisoning is the most extensive cause of pesticide exposure, compared with all other causes including agricultural or industrial exposure. Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate group of pesticides can inhibit acetylcholinesterase; on the other hand, paraoxonase1 can detoxify organophosphate poisoning by hydrolyzing organophosphate metabolite...

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is arguably the world's most economically important external parasite of cattle. Sustainable cattle tick control strategies are required to maximise the productivity of cattle in both large production operations and small family farms. Commercially available synthetic acaricides are commonly used in control and eradication programs, but indiscriminate p...

Gualamycin is a water-soluble acaricide isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. NKl^S?1*. The structure was deduced to be 1 mainly from the spectral and/or X-ray crystallographic analyses of its disaccharide 2 and aglycone portions 32). The absolute structure of the disaccharide, however, remained undetermined. Herein, we confirm the absolute structure 1 by the enantiospeciflc synth...

organophosphate chronic toxicity has been evaluated in this study. biological screening for organophosphate insecticide-exposed workers is mostly recommended for mixers, loaders, formulators and spraymen. we have studied 17 occupationally exposed persons to pesticides. using ellman's colorimetric method, their plasma cholinesterase activities have been measured. results show that the appea...

The prevention of tick-borne diseases is a major challenge for livestock production globally. Tick control strategies include the use acaricides, but prescribed do not achieve desired results in several countries, including Kenya. To better understand how tick treatment practices, contribute to reported failures, we assessed owners’ acaricide procurement, level knowledge about acaricides and re...