Methods This study was undertaken to find out the cause of bacteremias in patients undergoing haemodialysis in Medical Intensive Care unit (MICU) in our hospital.These patients developed fever ,leukocytosis post haemodialysis and Blood cultures were positive . A total of 140 samples consisting of 64 Reverse Osmosis( RO )water samples from RO Water port in MICU and Dialysis unit., 56 dialysate s...

Over the past half century, reverse osmosis (RO) has grown from a nascent niche technology into most versatile and effective desalination advanced water treatment available. However

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is an efficient process for the removal of ionic and organic pollutants from wastewater. However, flux decline and rejection deterioration due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling hinders the application of RO technology. Rotating RO takes advantage of high shear and the Taylor vortex instability to reduce the flux decline related to concentration polarization...

The design of reverse osmosis (RO) networks is investigated here using a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) approach based on a superstructure. A flexible superstructure that contains all possible alternatives of a potential RO network was developed and was used in the synthesis of RO networks. The networks were designed by using DuPont’s B10 Hollow Fiber module. For fixed freshwater ...

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a compact process that has potential for the removal of ionic and organic pollutants for recycling space mission wastewater. Seven candidate RO membranes were compared using a batch stirred cell to determine the membrane flux and the solute rejection for synthetic space mission wastewaters. Even though the urea molecule is larger than ions such as Na+, Cl-, and NH4+, the...

with the increasing installed capacity of desalination, the greenhouse gas emission for generating the required energy to power the desalination plants is also becoming the focus of attention in the world community. domestic reverse osmosis membranes have been very successful technology especially in the developing world to provide safe drinking water. the novel concept of photovoltaic powered ...

This work focuses on the design and implementation of a nonlinear model-based control system on an experimental reverse-osmosis (RO) membrane water desalination system to address large set-point changes and variations in feedwater salinity. A dynamic nonlinear lumped-parameter model is derived using firstprinciples, and its parameters are computed from experimental data to minimize the error be...

Enhancement of the performance of a reverse osmosis (RO) unit through periodic control is studied. The periodic control manipulates the feed pressure and flow rate of the RO unit. To ensure the periodic behavior of the inputs, the manipulated variables (MV) are transformed into the form of sinusoidal functions. In this case, the amplitude and period of the sinusoidal functions become the surrog...

We give a general, physical description of "induced-charge electro-osmosis" (ICEO), the nonlinear electrokinetic slip at a polarizable surface, in the context of some new techniques for microfluidic pumping and mixing. ICEO generalizes "ac electro-osmosis" at microelectrode arrays to various di-electric and conducting structures in weak dc or ac electric fields. The basic effect produces microv...