This investigation evaluates the use of organic ionic salt solutions as draw solutions for specific use in osmotic membrane bioreactors. Also, this investigation presents a simple method for determining the diffusion coefficient of ionic salt solutions using only a characterized membrane. A selection of organic ionic draw solutions underwent a desktop screening process before being tested in th...

Free-flow and stop-flow intratubular pressures were measured in rats with an improved Gertz technique using Landis micropipets or a Kulite microtransducer. In hydropenia, average single nephron glomerular filtration rate was 29.3 nl/min, glomerular hydrostatic pressure (stop-flow pressure + plasma colloid osmotic pressure) was 70 cm H(2)O and mean glomerular effective filtration pressure was 12...

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and relaxation times of water were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the isolated turtle cerebellum during osmotic cell volume manipulation. The aim was to study effects of cell volume changes, a factor in ischemia and spreading depression, in isolation from considerations of blood flow and metabolism. Cerebella were superfused at 12-14 deg...

Qualitative assessments in long-term patients and in those with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) have shown that impaired osmotic conductance is likely a factor contributing to the presence of ultrafiltration failure in those individuals. In the present study, we investigated the value of osmotic conductance, its components LpA and the reflection coefficient sigma, and free water transp...

BACKGROUND Macromolecule mobility is often quantified with Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). Throughout literature a wide range of diffusion coefficients for GFP in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli (3 to 14 µm²/s) is reported using FRAP-based approaches. In this study, we have evaluated two of these methods: pulsed-FRAP and "conventional"-FRAP. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To address ...

We investigate electro-osmosis in aqueous solutions of polyelectrolytes using mean-field equations. A solution of positively charged polyelectrolytes is confined between two negatively charged planar surfaces, and an electric field is applied parallel to the surfaces. When electrostatic attraction between the polymer and the surface is strong, the polymers adhere to the surface, forming a highl...

The hydraulic conductivity of the membranes surrounding the giant axon of the squid, Dosidicus gigas, was measured. In some axons the axoplasm was partially removed by suction. Perfusion was then established by insertion of a second pipette. In other axons the axoplasm was left intact and only one pipette was inserted. In both groups hydrostatic pressure was applied by means of a water column i...

The osmotic coefficient of aqueous solutions of cyclohexylsulfamic acid was determined by freezing point measurements up to the molality 0.65 mol kg-1. The osmotic coefficients were fitted to the Pitzer equation, and ion interaction parameters α1, β(0) and β(1) were evaluated. The mean ion activity coefficient of the solute was calculated, and the non-ideal behaviour of the system investigated ...