The authors present a case of cholesteatoma of external auditory canal (CEAC) with extensive invasion of mastoid; ossicle chain and tympanic membrane remained intact. The only symptom was chronic otorrhea. Diagnosis was based on clinical elements and CT scan was used to measure pathology and program surgery. Treatment was modified radical mastoidectomy associated with meatoplasty. Due to the in...

Additional cuneiform bones of the foot have been described in reference to the medial bipartite cuneiform or as small accessory ossicles. An additional middle cuneiform has not been previously documented. We present the case of a patient with an additional ossicle that has the appearance and location of an additional middle cuneiform. Recognizing such an anatomical anomaly is essential for ruli...

Three infaunal apodid sea cucumbers collected in Kushimoto, Shirahama, and Susami, the southern coast of Wakayama, Japan are described. They have different morphological characteristics body color, ossicle arrangement, internal organs, each other. First species, animal displays a large size (approximately 70–150 mm) pale color (semi-transparent pink with anterior tip brownish) was found out. Se...