PURPOSE To report a case series of patients with the nonexposed variant of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw-a form of jaw osteonecrosis that does not manifest with necrotic bone exposure/mucosal fenestration. METHODS Among 332 individuals referred to 5 clinical centers in Europe because of development of jawbone abnormalities after or during exposure to bisphosphonates, we i...

Osteonecrosis, a disabling complication associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has rarely been reported in an Asian population. After an observation of 3,250 person-years (PY), 11 of 967 (1.1%) HIV-infected patients at a median age of 34 years developed osteonecrosis involving the hip joints (incidence, 3.4 per 1,000 PY). Their median CD4+...

BACKGROUND Reports of the efficacy of Salter's osteotomy have often been based on groups of patients with complex disease conditions and treatment. The purposes of this study were to document the results of patients with well-defined conditions, focusing on the onset and sequelae of osteonecrosis. METHODS The study participants consisted of 63 patients with unilateral hip dislocation who had ...

INTRODUCTION Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) is known to be caused by high-dose corticosteroid therapy, alcoholism and rarely by infections. However, a tubercular etiology of this condition is very rare. A review of the literature yielded only a few cases of polyarticular tuberculosis with osteonecrosis in immunosuppressed individuals. No case of monoarticular tubercular osteonecrosis diagno...

Osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle is known as an uncommon complication after arthroscopic meniscectomy. The lesion of osteonecrosis can be irreversible, thus early detection of the disease is crucial for treatment. A 50-year-old male patient without known risk factors of osteonecrosis developed increasing knee pain after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed ra...

Bisphosphonates, which inhibit osteoclasts, alleviate many of the devastating consequences of metastatic bone disease. However, bisphosphonates may play a role in the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. We report our experience in the management of a patient with a history of bisphosphonate therapy who presented with osteonecrosis of the jaws following dental extraction to make others, pa...

Although this effect is not widely recognized, testosterone therapy can interact with thrombophilia, causing osteonecrosis. In 12 men and 4 women who had idiopathic osteonecrosis a median of 6 months after the onset of testosterone therapy, the authors examined the interaction between testosterone therapy and previously undiagnosed thrombophilia. The authors hypothesized that patients who had o...

INTRODUCTION Corticosteroid therapy is a well known etiological factor for the development of osteoporosis (“secondary” osteoporosis) and femoral head osteonecrosis. Recently, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (popularly known as statins) have been suggested as a treatment option to prevent the development of corticosteroid induced femoral head osteonecrosis [1-2]. The exact mechanism by which stati...

Osteonecrosis of the humeral head may be idiopathic, but it is also associated with a number of known medical conditions. In these patient groups, it is a differential diagnostic possibility that the physical therapist needs to consider. This article discusses histopathology, classification, etiology, history and examination findings, and treatment of humeral head osteonecrosis. It also present...

We report a case of an osteonecrosis-like lesion of the knee that developed shortly after an arthroscopic medial meniscectomy. Clinical presentation, physical findings, and imaging of the knee including magnetic resonance imaging were similar to those of the cases that have been reported as osteonecrosis after meniscectomy. However, histologic analysis of the lesion revealed that there was no o...