the plate girders are used in important structural systems. the earlier design of plate girders was restricted to their critical bukling capacity. experimental and theoretical studies show the plate girders with vertical stiffners can carry load over than their critical buckling loads and then in modern design codes is permitted to use post- buckling capacity of them. in this case the out- of- ...

A model predicting the structure of repulsive, spherically symmetric, monodisperse particles confined between two walls is presented. When plate separations are small, only one layer of particles can be confined; however, when the plate separation is increased, multiple layers will eventually form. We study the buckling transition of a single flat layer as the double layer state develops. Exper...

The following article investigates nonlinear symmetric buckling of moderately thick circular Nano plates with an orthotropic property under uniform radial compressive in-plane mechanical load. Taking into account Eringen nonlocal elasticity theory, principle of virtual work, first order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) and nonlinear Von-Karman strains, the governing equations are obtained ...

In this article, surface stress and nonlocal effects on the biaxial and uniaxial buckling of rectangular silver nanoplates embedded in elastic media are investigated using finite difference method (FDM). The uniform temperature change is utilized to study thermal effect. The surface energy effects are taken into account using the Gurtin-Murdoch’s theory. Using the principle of virtual work, the...

We consider the equilibrium shapes of a thin, annular strip cut out in an elastic sheet. When a central fold is formed by creasing beyond the elastic limit, the strip has been observed to buckle out-of-plane. Starting from the theory of elastic plates, we derive a Kirchhoff rod model for the folded strip. A non-linear effective constitutive law incorporating the underlying geometrical constrain...

objectives to compare an out-of-plane interscalene catheter technique to the in-plane technique in a randomized clinical trial. patients and methods eighty-four patients undergoing open shoulder surgery were randomized to either the in-plane or out-of-plane ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene technique. the primary outcome was vas pain rating at 24 hours. secondary outcomes included pain ...

this article deals with the buckling analysis of perfectly bonded cross-ply laminated composite plates reinforced by wavy carbon nanotubes (cnts) under in-plane loads using element free galerkin (efg) method based on first-order shear deformation theory (fsdt). the wavy single-walled cnts and poly-co-vinylene are used for the fibers and the matrix, respectively. the cnt fibers are distributed i...