Purpose. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of hospital pharmacists towards drug management and reasons underlying stock-outs of antimalarial drugs in Pakistan. Methods. A qualitative study was designed to explore the perceptions of hospital pharmacists regarding drug management and irrational use of antimalarial drugs in two major cities of Pakistan, namely, Islamabad (national capita...

We study donor loyalty in the context of church membership Germany. Church members have to make substantial payments their but can opt out at any time. In a large-scale field experiment, we examine how private recognition for past affects members’ loyalty. find that recognizing reduces opt-outs, response is temporary. The effect on retention most pronounced among bottom quartile baseline church...

Pinch-outs refers to the gradual thinning of thickness sedimentary layer laterally until there is no deposition and are a major topic modern research on automated drawing geological profiles. The rapid development smart systems imposed an urgent need for high-speed, accurate methods plot pinch-outs. However, because their complexity, excessive number branch paths, low rendering speed, poor reli...

Ribs in aircraft wings maintain the airfoil shape of wing under aerodynamic loads and also support resulting bending shear that act on wing. Aircrafts are designed for least weight hence made hollow torsion box ribs with cut-outs to reduce structure. These will lead higher stresses stress concentration can failure structures. The depend thus present work, commercial software ANSYS was used eval...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been suggested that distributing naloxone to people who inject drugs (PWID) will lead to fewer attendances by emergency medical services at opioid-related overdose incidents if peer administration of naloxone was perceived to have resuscitated the overdose victim successfully. This study evaluated the impact of a national naloxone programme (NNP) on ambulance attendan...

We investigated how the knowledge capabilities of industry incumbents affected the generation, development, and performance of “spin-outs” (entrepreneurial ventures of ex-employees). Analyses of 1977–97 data from the disk drive industry supported our hypothesis that incumbents with both strong technological and market pioneering know-how generate fewer spin-outs than firms with strength in only...