We used DNA macroarray and proteome analysis to analyze the regulatory networks in Bacillus subtilis that are affected by disulfide stress. To induce disulfide stress, we used the specific thiol oxidant diamide. After addition of 1 mM diamide to an exponentially growing culture, cell growth stopped until the medium was cleared of diamide. Global analysis of the mRNA expression pattern during gr...

Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical agent that is mainly used in the production of polymers and copolymers. Recently it has been attention because of its production in the diet at high-temperature (>120 ºC) processes such as cooking, frying, toasting, roasting or baking of high carbohydrate foods. According to high exposure to acrylamide, recognition of its toxic effect is ...

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental and industrial cumulative pollutant that most affects many organs specially the liver. The protective effect of Spirulina, filamentous blue green algae, on Cd – induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity was evaluated in male rats. Oral administration of water extract of Spirulina for seven days followed by an acute toxic dose of Cd (3.5 mg kg b.wt. ), reduced ...

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), is an exclusively human Gram-positive bacterial pathogen ranked among the 'top 10' causes of infection-related deaths worldwide. GAS commonly causes benign and self-limiting epithelial infections (pharyngitis and impetigo), and less frequent severe invasive diseases (bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis). A...

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world, and it is influenced by agents such as DEN, 2-AAF, phenobarbital, alcohol, aflatoxin B1 metabolite or hepatitis viruses (B and C). Oxidative stress is becoming recognized as a key factor in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. Reactive oxygen species can play a leading role in initiation and promotion of hepatic carcin...

background: oxidative stress is described as the formation of toxic effect due to the deficiency of cellular antioxidative level toward the level of reactive oxygen species (ros). the excess production of ros or the decrease in the antioxidative defense system could be the cause for oxidative stress. 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) that is known to be the major cause the increment in lipi...

Chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD) inflicts delayed blistering and incapacitating skin injuries. To identify effective countermeasures against HD-induced skin injuries, efficacy studies were carried out employing HD analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES)-induced injury biomarkers in skin cells and SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. The data demonstrate strong therapeutic efficacy of silibini...

BACKGROUND The use of doxorubicin (DOX) an anthracycline antineoplastic agent is withdrawn due to its cardio-toxic side effects. Oxidative stress has been recognized as the primary cause of DOX induced cardiotoxicity. We have investigated whether polyphenol rich ethyl acetate extract of Acacia hydaspica (AHE) can attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress. ...

the toxicity of four potentially toxic trace elements (cu, ni, pb and zn) to annual atriplex (a.hortensis and a. rosea) was examined to determine if this plant showed sufficient tolerance to be used tophytoremediate soils polluted with these heavy metals. the soils, which contained up to (per kilogram) 501mg cu, 1674 mg ni, 1334 mg pb and 3588 mg of zn were sampled around metal-contaminated sit...