Conventional wastewater purification technologies consume large amounts of energy, while the abundant chemical energy and nutrient resources contained in sewage are wasted in such treatment processes. A microbial nutrient recovery cell (MNRC) has been developed to take advantage of the energy contained in wastewater, in order to simultaneously purify wastewater and recover nutrient ions. When w...

BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to develop a marking technique as an internal marker to mark post blood meal mosquitoes by using stable phosphate isotope (32)P and determine the optimal concentration of it. METHODS An isotonic physiological saline solution, containing different concentration of radioactive isotope (32)P-labeled disodium phosphate (Na2H(32)PO4) was injected into ra...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The role of socioeconomic status (SES) and its contribution to ethnic differences in standards attainment among dialysis patients is not known. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We examined associations between area- level SES (Townsend index) and ethnicity (white, black, South Asian) and standards attainment in 14,117 incident dialysis patients (1997-200...

Hard water lakes are known to precipitate Ca through a complex number of factors. Dal, a shallow Himalayan hard water lake was observed to remain saturated with respect to calcium carbonate CaCO3 [(S.I.) range: 0.1 – 0.7, avg. 0.3] throughout the study period of Sept. 1999 to Aug. 2000. CaCO3 precipitating tendency of lake waters primarily results from high surface loading of 422.7g Ca m yr, wh...

Animal manure contains partially digested feed fiber and grains where phosphorus (P) is bound in organic compounds that include myo-inositol 1,2,3,5/4,6-hexakis dihydrogenphosphate or phytic acid (IP6). Information is needed on the effects of other (non-IP6) organic ligands (LIGND) on the enzymatic dephosphorylation of IP6, which is a potential source of dissolved orthophosphate P (PO4-P) in th...

A novel, one-pot technique of synthesizing calcium phosphate whiskers was developed. Commercially available b-tricalcium phosphate (b-Ca3(PO4)2) powders were aged in unstirred 30% H2O2 solutions at 901C for 48 h in ordinary glass media bottles. Resultant samples consisted of whiskers (200 nm wide and 5 lmlong) of a biphasic mixture of octacalcium phosphate (OCP: Ca8H2(PO4)6 . 5H2O) and carbonat...

A very simple, easy and sensitive spectrophotometric manual determination method of phosphorus for the P04(3-) ion, based on the formation of the reduced 12-molybdophosphate complex, was developed. The effect of the kind of water-miscible organic solvent and the concentration of organic solvent, ascorbic acid and HCl on the formation of the complex was investigated. The optimum determination co...

Background Raman spectroscopy is a promising but largely underexplored tool for the detection of phosphates (P) in soil. Although it requires minimal sample preparation, has been demonstrated mainly test matrices or substrates to circumvent typical signal interference caused by fluorescence organic matter actual agricultural soils. Aims The aim this study was highlight spectroscopic and identif...

The peculiarities of K2Gd(PO4)(MoO4) single crystal growth from combined phosphate-molybdate melts have been investigated. formation regions GdPO4, KGd(MoO4)2 and their cocrystallization fields with the mixed anionic compound potassium – gadolinium established. IR spect­roscopy showed that in all compounds molybdenum phosphorus are a tetrahedral environment, phase composition was confirmed by X...

BACKGROUND The interaction between Ca-HAP and Pb(2+) solution can result in the formation of a hydroxyapatite-hydroxypyromorphite solid solution [(PbxCa1-x)5(PO4)3(OH)], which can greatly affect the transport and distribution of toxic Pb in water, rock and soil. Therefore, it's necessary to know the physicochemical properties of (PbxCa1-x)5(PO4)3(OH), predominantly its thermodynamic solubility ...