SUMMARY This study identified a role for the Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) p19 protein (P19) in local lesion expansion on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and cell-to-cell movement in pepper (Capsicum annuum). The contribution to short distance spread in both hosts was strongly influenced by a cluster of charged amino acids between positions 72 and 78 on the 172 amino acid P19. Charged amino acids...

TAL2 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family and is essential for the normal development of the mouse brain. However, the function of TAL2 during brain development is unclear. P19 cells are pluripotent mouse embryonal carcinoma cells that adopt neural fates upon exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and culture in suspension. We found that the expression of Tal2 gene was induced i...

Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) is a matricellular-secreted protein involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. The P19 cell line is an embryonic carcinoma line widely used as a cellular model for differentiation and migration studies. In the present study, we employed an exogenous source of CCN2 and small interference RNA to address the role of CCN2 in the P19 cell aggregation phe...

Humans are exposed to a variety of chemicals including environmental pollutants, cosmetics, food preservatives and drugs. Some of these substances might be harmful to the human body. Traditional toxicological and behavioural investigations performed in animal models are not suitable for the screening of a large number of compounds for potential toxic effects. There is a need for simple and robu...

OBJECTIVES To explore the source of the p19 subunit of interleukin-23 (IL-23) in joints with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the effects of IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on IL-23 gene expression in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes and the effect of IL-23 on proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS Expression of IL-23 p19 in joints was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of patients...

Introduction: The p19 line of embryonal carcinoma cells develops into neurons, astroglia and fibroblasts after aggregation and exposure to retinoic acid (RA). Dehydroepiandroesteron (DHEA) is a neurosteroid, can increase proliferation of human neural stem cell (NSC) and positively regulated the number of neurons produced. This study was initiated to assess the effect of DHEA on neural progenito...

In this study, we have identified novel roles for Sox15 and Sox7 as regulators of muscle precursor cell fate in P19 cells. To examine the role of Sox15 and Sox7 during skeletal myogenesis, we isolated populations of P19 cells with either gene stably integrated into the genome, termed P19[Sox15] and P19[Sox7]. Both SOX proteins were sufficient to upregulate the expression of the muscle precursor...

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been proved capable of reprogramming various differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have been successfully derived from mouse and human somatic cells by the over-expression of a combination of transcription factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming mediated by...

Certain embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines can colonize the embryo following blastocyst injection or embryo aggregation, giving rise to EC-embryo chimaeras. However, such chimaeras often develop abnormally. For example, diploid P19 cells colonize the embryo readily but resulting chimaeras are usually abnormal, with persistence of tumour cells. Retinoic acid (RA) induces differentiation of EC c...