Hoàng defined the P4-sparse graphs as the graphs where every set of five vertices induces at most one P4. These graphs attracted considerable attention in connection with the P4-structure of graphs and the fact that P4-sparse graphs have bounded clique-width. Fouquet and Giakoumakis generalized this class to the nicely structured semi-P4-sparse graphs being the (P5, co-P5, co-chair)-free graphs...

The mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) harbors disulfide bond-generating enzymes, including Ero1α and peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4), and nearly 20 members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs), which together constitute a suitable environment for oxidative protein folding. Here, we clarified the Prx4 preferential recognition of two PDI family proteins, P5 and ERp46, and the mode of intera...

RESULTSdGlycemic control improved in all three groups at 24months (N5 54), with amean HbA1c of 6.76 1.2% for gastric bypass, 7.16 0.8% for sleeve gastrectomy, and 8.46 2.3% for IMT (P , 0.05 for each surgical group versus IMT). Reduction in body fat was similar for both surgery groups, with greater absolute reduction in truncal fat in gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy (216 vs.210%; P5 0....

Peptidases are classical objects of enzymology and structural studies. However, a few protein families with experimentally characterized proteolytic activity, but unknown catalytic mechanism and three-dimensional structures, still exist. Using comparative sequence analysis, we deduce spatial structure for one of such families, namely, U40, which contains just one P5 protein from bacteriophage p...

Microwave irradiation was used to synthesize PEG-PCL and PEG-PLA copolymers that are composed of biodegradable polymers including PEG, PLA, and PCL. These copolymers were used for loading docetaxel in nanoparticles. Single emulsion-solvent evaporation technique was applied for preparing the PEG-PLA and PEG-PCL mixed nanoparticles (micelles and polymersomes) with different proportions, including...

Institutional quality in transition countries is roughly as expected given per capita incomes. Institutions are improving continuously. Given prevailing assumptions that the institutional situation is dismal, the developments giving rise to this surprising finding must be investigated more fully. This investigation begins by cataloging the mechanisms that could have improved institutional index...

BACKGROUND AIMS Fetal membrane from human placenta tissue has been described as a potential source of stem cells. Despite abundant literature on amnion stem cells, there are limited studies on the stem cell properties of chorion-derived stem cells. METHODS The main aim was to determine the stemness properties of serial-passaged human chorion-derived stem cells (hCDSC). Quantitative polymerase...

Recombinant staphylokinase (SakSTAR) variants obtained by site-directed substitution with cysteine, in the core (lysine 96 [Lys96], Lys102, Lys109, and/or Lys135) or the NH2-terminal region that is released during activation of SakSTAR (serine 2 [Ser2] and/or Ser3), were derivatized with thiol-specific (ortho-pyridyldisulfide or maleimide) polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules with molecular weig...

The purpose of this study was to optimize a method for the encapsulation of P5 peptide, a new designed peptide containing MHC class I epitopes from rat HER2/neu protein, into liposomes as an approach for breast cancer vaccine formulation. The efficiency of liposomal encapsulation of peptides is generally low and development of an optimized method to increase encapsulation efficiency is a big ch...