The traditional route selection algorithm of the Ad Hoc network are mainly based on the shortest path and do not take into account any other routing factors. As a result, it increases the number of the unreliable route. It also forms a lot of “hot spot”, which affect the performance of the network. Thus this paper proposes a performance value adaptive routing for mobile ad hoc network (PVAR), w...

Routing protocol is a pivotal issue in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Several routing protocols have been proposed to deal with the routing issue in MANETs. However, routing turns to be a tough and complex task if all nodes in the network are at a relatively high speed. In this paper, we propose Position and Velocity Aided Routing protocol (PVAR) to resolve the problem. PVAR is designed for M...

Abstract Global warming is one of the largest challenges humankind facing in this century, and how to achieve low-carbon economy has become most attractive topics global concern. However, evaluations are insufficient due limited methodologies data availability. In study, satellite (i.e., night-time light net primary production) were employed estimate economic output (neo), ratio neo GDP (reo), ...

This article compares the accuracy of vector autoregressive (VAR), restricted vector autoregressive (RVAR), Bayesian vector autoregressive (BVAR), vector error correction (VEC) and Bayesian vector error correction (BVEC) models in forecasting the exchange rates for ve Central and Eastern European currencies (Czech Koruna, Hungarian Forint, Polish Zloty, Slovak Koruna and Slovenian Tolar) agains...

In the context of panel ordered-response structures, the current paper compares the performance of the maximum-simulated likelihood (MSL) inference approach and the composite marginal likelihood (CML) inference approach. The panel structures considered include the pure random coefficients (RC) model with no autoregressive error component, as well as the more general case of random coefficients ...

This research investigates the relationship between efficiency and firm growth as well market structure (CR4) to evaluate whether quiet-life (QL) and/or efficient (ES) hypothesis applies in Indonesian palm oil industry. study uses large medium industry survey data sourced from Bureau of Central Statistics (BPS) for period 1990 2017. The score is calculated using envelopment analysis (DEA) a boo...

This paper explores the impact on macroeconomy for certain OECD economies exposed to COVID-19 pandemic shock. The analysis employs a panel of countries, spanning period March 2020 January 2021. It also uses two proxies shocks: i) total confirmed incidences/cases and ii) deaths while using Bayesian Panel Vector Autoregressive (BPVAR) method. findings document that shock exerts strong negative ef...