I n humans, IRE1 is central to one of three pathways that sense the presence of misfolded proteins in the ER, initiating early steps of the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress induces IRE1 multimerization and activation of its cytoplasmic RNase domain, which then cleaves the RNA encoding the transcription factor XBP1. This cleavage step allows XBP1's translation into protein so that it c...

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Neutron stars are perhaps the most promising class of gravitational wave (GW) sources, and searches for such GW signals is particularly suited to the characteristics of the GEO600 detector (see Schutz “Getting Ready for GEO600 Data” gr–qc9910033). However, the instantaneous GW frequency of such a source will evolve due to both intrinsic spindown effects and Doppler modulations induced by the mo...

Results RCTs provide evidence for rilonacept and canakinumab in CAPS, colchicine in FMF and (adeno)tonsillectomy in PFAPA syndrome. For Behçet disease, RCTs have been conducted on the effect of several drugs, including colchicine, azathioprine, cyclosporine A, interferon alfa, etanercept, sucralfate suspension and pimecrolimus. Descriptive studies suggest that NSAIDs and corticosteroids are hig...

The conceptual understanding of museums as ‘contact zones’ has been widely appropriated in the museum literature and beyond. But the discussion lacks empirical insights into actual experiences: What does ‘contact’ mean for the person experiencing it? How is it lived, negotiated and contested? Drawing on a long-term narrative study of global visitors to the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarew...

Prions are important disease agents and epigenetic regulatory elements. Prion formation involves the structural conversion of proteins from a soluble form into an insoluble amyloid form. In many cases, this structural conversion is driven by a glutamine/asparagine (Q/N)-rich prion-forming domain. However, our understanding of the sequence requirements for prion formation and propagation by Q/N-...

The present study investigates the clinical applicability of a new device, which objectively measured nasal resonating vibration via piezoelectric vibratory sensor in 10 normal volunteers, 10 patients with definite hypernasality, and 10 nasal polyposis patients. For the assessment of the hypernasality, the ratio of /ng/ to /a/ as well as the ratio of /mama/ to /papa/ passages were used. For the...

We show that the classical algebra of quaternions is a commutative Z2×Z2×Z2-graded algebra. A similar interpretation of the algebra of octonions is impossible. This note is our “private investigation” of what really happened on the 16th of October, 1843 on the Brougham Bridge when Sir William Rowan Hamilton engraved on a stone his fundamental relations: i = j = k = i · j · k = −1. Since then, t...

Introduction Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) syndrome is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the proline-serinethreonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1, PSTPIP1. The produced protein is a cytoskeleton-associated adaptor protein that modulates T-cell activation, cytoskeletal organization and IL-1b release. The only two mutations desc...

An aperture composed of multiple small apertures has several advantages over a large continuous aperture when practical issues are included in the analysis. For example, a single bullet can easily produce a catastrophic failure of the laser communication link if all the optical gain for the transmitter (or receiver) is derived from a single large-diameter telescope. In addition to battlefield c...