Today, packaging plays a crucial role in maintaining the quality of products during uses by providing safeguarding against physical, chemical and environmental challenges. While polymer-based material has been very extensively used, there recent move to paper-based because their economic environmentally-friendly nature. Currently, Paper board materials have used as for food products, e-commerce...

The working papers in this series are preliminary and circulated for the purpose of discussion. The views expressed in the papers do not reflect those of the Center for Agricultural Economic Research. Abstract In the software industry, the need to provide a mechanism that enables the prospective customer to experience the product before the final purchase increases as a result of the increase i...

AIMS To establish whether there is a relationship between tobacco industry support of basic research and the conclusions drawn by the authors of that research. DESIGN A sample of 91 papers investigating the effects of tobacco or nicotine use upon cognitive performance was analyzed to see if the pattern of conclusions drawn by researchers acknowledging tobacco industry support differed from th...

In this commentary we consider the validity of tobacco industry-funded research on the effects of standardised packaging in Australia. As the first country to introduce standardised packs, Australia is closely watched, and Philip Morris International has recently funded two studies into the impact of the measure on smoking prevalence. Both of these papers are flawed in conception as well as des...

The guidelines for White Papers for Berkeley-Stanford CE&M workshop suggest deriving research needs from the practical needs of the industry. Generally, this is a sound approach. However, I would like to propose that at this particular moment, thinking in the opposite direction is as, or even more important. My vision is that during the next decade, the formation of a theory of construction wil...

the purpose of this paper is to explore the influential factors on entrepreneurial spirit of wood and paper industries students in two universities, namely agriculture and natural resources faculty of tehran university and shahid rajaiee teacher training university. a sample of 100 students were selected from a target population of 572 students using the cochran formula. the respondents were as...