Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) is a widely used herbicide and is highly toxic to human and animals. The mechanisms of paraquat toxicity involve the generation of superoxide anion through the process of redox cycling. NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) has been reported to be a major enzyme for one-electron reduction of paraquat that initiates the redox cycling. Re...

Lung injury is the main manifestation of paraquat poisoning. Few studies have addressed brain damage after paraquat poisoning. Ulinastatin is a protease inhibitor that can effectively stabilize lysosomal membranes, prevent cell damage, and reduce the production of free radicals. This study assumed that ulinastatin would exert these effects on brain tissues that had been poisoned with paraquat. ...

In this study, we report on a case of transdermal paraquat poisoning combined with Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV). The patient was a 68 year old male farmer. He was exposed to paraquat (50% concentration) in a closed environment for 3 h, when the skin and respiratory symptoms of paraquat poisoning occurred. He was admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with transdermal paraquat poisoning combined with...

Two experiments were conducted to establish a digestible energy (DE) content prediction model of rapeseed meal for growing-finishing pig based on rapeseed meal's chemical composition. In experiment 1, observed linear relationships between the determined DE content of 22 rapeseed meal calibration samples and proximate nutrients, gross energy (GE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were used to de...

Olive and rapeseed oil are both considered beneficial for lipid metabolism because of their high content of monounsaturated fatty acids. We compared postprandial lipid metabolism after test meals with these plant oils including hydrogenated plant oil as a reference. Subjects and Methods: Twenty normolipidemic subjects (age: 25.1±4.9 year, M±SEM, body mass index 21.5±0.6 kg/m) underwent three on...

Alpha synuclein (SNCA) genes and environmental factors are important risk factors of Parkinson's disease (PD). The agrichemicals paraquat, maneb and chlorpyrifos selectively target dopaminergic neurons, leading to parkinsonism, through ill-defined mechanisms. We analyzed the ability of low dose paraquat, maneb and chlorpyrifos, separately or combined together, to induce synucleinopathy in wild ...

A reliable and sensitive method is described for the quantitative determination of the herbicide paraquat in serum. It involves the formation of dodecyl sulfate-paraquat ion pairs, adsorption of these ion-pairs on XAD-2 resin, and determination of the sensitive derivative spectrum of reduced paraquat. Analytical recovery of paraquat added to serum was about 86% at concentrations of 0.02-1.0 mg/...

Paraquat and diquat are classified as bipyridyl compounds not only leads to acute organ damage, but also to a variety of complications. Patients with severe paraquat-induced poisoning may succumb to multiple organ failure involving the circulatory and respiratory systems. Deliberate self-poisoning with paraquat continues to be a major public health concern in many developing countries. At prese...

Poisoning by pesticides and other agricultural chemicals is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Globally, there are about 20,000 annual fatalities and more than 2 million hospitalizations due to poisoning by pesticides and agricultural chemicals.1 There were approximately 340,000 cases of agricultural and horticultural poisoning reported in the United St...

The aim of the present study was to show the abilities of captopril as a thiol ACEi (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), on mitochondria toxicity due to paraquat. Mitochondrial isolation from rat liver was divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was considered as control, group 2 received paraquat (5 mM), group 3 received captopril (0.08 mM) and group 4 received paraquat (5 mM)+captopril (0.08 mM)...