Parliament did not have a chance to convene under the newly elected National League for Democracy administration. Before first parliamentary session was take place in early February, military detained leaders of incoming administration and took control executive. It justified its actions by saying elections November 2020 were fraudulent Union Election Commission had refused investigate possible...

OBJECTIVE To examine mortality in members of the two UK Houses of Parliament compared with the general population, 1945-2011. DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis of death rates and predictors of mortality in Members of Parliament (MPs) and members of the House of Lords (Lords). SETTING UK. PARTICIPANTS 4950 MPs and Lords first joining the UK parliament in 1945-2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUR...

Since the late 1990s voting in the Netherlands proceeds largely via voting machines. These are dedicated computers that record and store votes. These machines are under control of local governments, who put them up in voting stations on election days. These voting machines (and all new versions of them) have undergone independent evaluation before being admitted. However the internal mechanics ...

Electoral thresholds in the context of parliamentary elections are an instrument for preventing fragmentation parliaments and facilitate formation a coalition government. However, clauses also introduce distortions modify equality electoral votes election. In order to decide what extent these negative effects can be accepted, it is necessary measure difficulties forming government quantify on d...

While much has been written about the formation and termination of coalitions, comparatively little attention has been paid to the policy output of multiparty governments. The present study attempts to narrow this research gap by analysing policy-making in three Austrian coalition governments between 1999 and 2008. Drawing on the party mandate literature, a manually coded textual analysis of el...

We describe an electoral system for distributing seats in a parliament. It gives proportionality for the political parties and close to proportionality for constituencies. The system suggested here is a version of the system used in Sweden and other Nordic countries with permanent seats in each constituency and adjustment seats to give proportionality on the national level. In the national elec...

When elections are close in time, voters may stick to their preferred party or chose a different option for several reasons; reliable estimates of the amount of transitions across the available options can allow to answer a number of relevant questions about electoral behaviour. We describe a modified version of the model due to Brown and Payne (J Am Stat Assoc 81:453–460, 1986) and argue that ...

advertising." When the problem is so serious and the benefit of banning promotion so clear we are inevitably left to wonder what it is that stops Mrs Bottomley from acting. Natural civil service inertia, a libertarian distaste for advertising bans, and some economic anxiety may have marginal importance, but direct political pressure from the tobacco industry and those who benefit from advertisi...

This paper examines electoral accountability after the 2009-10 UK expenses scandal. Existing research shows that Members of Parliament (MPs) implicated in the scandal fared only marginally worse in the election than non-implicated colleagues. This lack of electoral accountability for misconduct could have arisen either because voters did not know about their representative's wrongdoing or becau...