In this paper, ZnO thin film is deposited on slide glass substrate using the sol-gel process. Presenting well-defined orientation of ZnO thin films Nanostructure were obtained by dip coating of zinc acetate dihydrate, monoethanolamine (MEA), de-ionized water and isopropanol alcohol. The annealed ZnO thin films were transparent ca 85-90% in visible range with an absorption edges at about 375 nm....

Introduction Thousands of chemical substances, including toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative substances (TPBS), are produced and used world-wide annually 1 . These volatile and semivolatile TPBS may be transported by air both in gaseous phase and adsorbed to atmospheric particles 2 prior to deposition in soil and water. Due to the grasshopper effect, TPBS released may evaporate in warmer climate...

In vitro exposure to aerosols at the air-liquid interface (ALI) preserves the physical and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles. Although frequently described as being a more physiologic exposure method, ALI exposure has not been directly compared with conventional in vitro exposures where the particles are suspended in medium. We exposed immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (...

It is important to understand the differences between emissions from standard laboratory testing cycles and those from actual on-road driving conditions, especially for solid particle number (SPN) emissions now being regulated in Europe. This study compared particle mass and SPN emissions from a heavy-duty diesel vehicle operating over the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and actual on...

In this paper the influence of heterogeneous traffic on the temporal variation of ambient PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations at a busy arterial route (Sardar Patel Road) in the Chennai city has been analyzed. The hourly PM concentration, traffic counts and average speed of the vehicles have been monitored at the study site for one week (19-25 January 2009). Results indicated that the concentrat...

The deposition of the cerium conversion layer on aluminum alloy 7075-T6 proceeds by a simple procedure immersion, but it is affected several factors which govern its corrosion protectiveness. study aimed to investigate two crucial relationships: (i) how type salt used for affects composition, thickness, and electrochemical characteristics deposited layers, (ii) depends intermetallic particles. ...

Resuspension of uniform latex micro spheres deposited on a single seed pod of field rye grass stalk and head was investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel. The experiment was designed to distinguish aerodynamic (viscous and turbulent) mechanisms from mechanical resuspension resulting from the oscillatory impact of the grass hitting a stationary object. The experiment was run for deposited sp...

Mucociliary clearance velocities in human and rat bronchial airways were calculated in asymmetric, multiple-path models of the bronchial tree by solving mass transport equations based on the assumption of conservation of mucus volume and normalized to measured tracheal mucus velocities of 5.5 mm/min for humans and 1.9 mm/min for rats. Mucus velocities in single airways of the rat lung exhibited...