This study empirically investigates the theory that odd numbered pricing points can be used as focal points to facilitate tacit collusion. Odd ending prices are heavily used in many retail markets. While the demand e ects of odd pricing points are commonly studied, their potential role in the coordination of prices is rarely discussed. I show that gasoline stations in the U.S. disproportionatel...

Retail Clinics are a recent and growing health care delivery organization offering low cost, convenient access to the simple treatment of low acuity conditions. We examine the impact of retail clinics on cost and utilization using a comprehensive health insurance administrative database representing millions of American insured consumers. We address the potential endogeneity of retail clinic ut...

The increasing spate of species substitution and mislabelling in fish markets has become a concern to the public and a challenge to both the food industry and regulators. Species substitution and mislabelling within fish supply chains occurs because of price incentives to misrepresent products for economic gain. Emerging authenticity technologies, such as the DNA barcoding technology that has b...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short-term/extreme temperature abuse (STA) on color characteristics and oxidative stability of aged beef muscles during simulated retail display. Two beef muscles (longissimus lumborum, LL and semitendinosus, ST) were aged for 7 (A7), 14 (A14), 21 (A21), and 28 d (A28), and further displayed at 2℃ for 7 d. The STA was induced by placi...

This article takes a systems perspective to study marketing channel system structure dynamics and their interactions with economic system dynamics. A novel, non-linear method from ecology is used to establish a causal network of mostly bi-directional causal forcing between economic variables and marketing channel system structure. This resulting causal network facilitates a comprehensive unders...

Pull factors provide a measure of retail trade capture. Pull factors for total and twelve subcategories of retail sales for all West Virginia Counties are analyzed based on 1997 Census of Retail Trade data. A method for estimating missing data points and the use of Rand-McNally trade regions both facilitate estimation of the pull factors. Results indicate that hypothesizes concerning pull facto...

Retail clinics are privately owned clinics typically staffed solely by nurse practitioners and found inside retail stores such as Target, Wal‐mart, and CVS Pharmacy. Since the first retail clinic was established in 2000, over 1,000 sites have opened in thirty‐seven states across the country [4]. Some reports estimate that by 2012, over 6,000 retail clinics will operate in the US [3]. Despite th...

Indian Retail Industry is ranked among the ten largest retail markets in the world. The attitudinal shift of the Indian consumer and the emergence of organized retail formats have transformed the face of Retailing in India. With the sign of re-emergence of economic growth in India, consumer buying in retail sector is being projected as a key opportunity area. As a consequence, Indian corporate ...

The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) in pigs and pork. The genotypic relatedness of isolates on the farm, at slaughter, and at the retail level was assessed. Paired nasal and perianal swab samples were collected from 10 cohorts of market-age pigs (24 pigs per cohort) a...

Fifty-six retail stores representing 15 retail chains and 14 foodservice facilities in eight U.S. cities were sampled to determine the tenderness of beef steaks at retail and foodservice levels based on Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) values and consumer evaluation panels. Retail consumer panels were conducted at five universities. Each retail and foodservice steak was evaluated using 10-point scal...