In the last 30 years, diesel engines have made rapid progress to increased efficiency, environmental protection and comfort for both light- and heavy-duty applications. The technical developments include all issues from fuel to combustion process to exhaust gas aftertreatment. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the available literature regarding technical developments and their impa...

this study aimed to determine the effect of land use changes from rangeland to horti-agricultural lands on the most important qualitative characteristics of soil such as total soil carbon and particulate organic matter, in salavatabad region, sanandaj. in the present study, one rangeland, two cultivated pea lands, two cultivated wheat lands and two gardens were selected in growth season in the ...

in the industrial area of elefsis, greece, aerosol samples from the atmosphere were collected using a stacked filter unit sampler, which separates the airborne particulate matter into coarse (pm2.5-10) and fine (pm2.5) size fractions. the samples collected during the period january 2005 to march 2006, were analyzed by anodic stripping voltammetry (asv) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emis...

The pathogenesis of aseptic loosening of total joint prostheses is not clearly understood. Two features are associated with loosened prostheses, namely, particulate debris and movement of the implant. While numerous studies have evaluated the cellular response to particulate biomaterials, few have investigated the influence of movement of the implant on the biological response to particles. Our...

Rat lung homogenates contained significant amounts of guanylate cyclase activity in both 100,000 times g (60 min) particulate and supernatant fractions. In the presence of detergent, the particulate fraction contained 40% as much activity as did the supernatant fraction. Detergent-dispersed particulate and partially purified soluble guanylate cyclase preparations were characterized with respect...

Particulate fires and explosions cause substantial loss of life and property. With the goal of understanding, preventing, or at least mitigating particulate fire and explosion hazards, we review basics. We distinguish between ‘hazard’ and ‘risk’ and discuss the fire and explosion hazards of particulates, the many factors determining such hazards, hazard indexes, and ways to reduce fire and expl...

In the present update on ocular drug delivery system, particulate carrier, the tremendous advances in ocular drug delivery system, the polymers used in particulate carriers for ocular dosage forms, the use of drug complexes and other technological advances are discussed. This review focuses on recent literature regarding mucoadhesive particulate dosage forms with special attention to in vivo st...

In an earlier report (l), we described the preparation, from sheep thyroid glands, of a particulate fraction consisting primarily of mitochondria and microsomes, which, when incubated with carrier-free radioactive iodide, converted as much as 30 per cent of the added 1131 to labeled iodoprotein. This thyroid particulate fraction differed from the cell-free thyroid preparations used by other wor...

This paper presents a non-contact sensing system for nanosized suspended particulate matter (SPM) measurements using laser-induced incandescence (LII) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The elemental composition and density of the SPMs are determined using LIBS, and particulate size measurements are accomplished using LII. Typically, temporally resolved LII enables measurement of ...

Incorporation of metallic particulate reinforcements in eutectic Sn-Ag solder re­ sults in the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) along particulate/ solder interfaces with different morphologies. For instance, “sunflower” and “blocky faceted” IMC shapes have been observed around Ni particle reinforce­ ments incorporated in the eutectic Sn-Ag solder matrix. The time and tempera­ ture ab...