A first-generation smoking machine and protocol have been developed in order to study the mainstream smoke aerosol and elucidate thermal-fluid processes of the argileh water pipe. Results using a common mo'assel tobacco mixture show that, contrary to popular perceptions, the mainstream smoke contains significant amounts of nicotine, "tar" and heavy metals. With a standard smoking protocol of 10...

Underground railway stations are known to have elevated particulate matter (PM) loads compared to ambient air. As these particles are derived from metal-rich sources and transition metals may pose a risk to health by virtue of their ability to catalyze generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their potential enrichment in underground environments is a source of concern. Compared to coarse (...

The effect of metal interactions on phytochelatin production by marine phytoplankton has received little attention but yet is critical to understanding the biochemical production of this potentially important metal-binding ligand in the field. Cd, Cu, and Zn additions were made singly and in combination to three species of laboratory cultures and to a natural algal assemblage from pristine coas...

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are attracting attention as next-generation internal combustion engines mainly because of very low NOx and PM emission potential and excellent thermal efficiency. Particulate emissions from HCCI engines have been usually considered negligible however recent studies suggest that PM number emissions from HCCI engines cannot be neglected. This...

To investigate bioturbation effects on cadmium (Cd) fluxes from overlying water to sediments, indoor microcosms were developed. The bioturbating organisms were freshwater tubificid worms. Three experimental conditions were studied during 56 d. The three conditions were contaminated water column ([Cd]: 20 microg/L) with or without worms and uncontaminated water column with worms. Cadmium vertica...

The region of the Indian Ocean and adjacent countries has received increased attention in recent years in the context of particulate air pollution. Aerosol samples were collected over the equatorial Indian Ocean during a one-year-long sailing cruise that covered the northeast and southwest monsoons, and an intermonsoon period. The concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), selected met...

in the industrial area of elefsis, greece, aerosol samples from the atmosphere were collected using a stacked filter unit sampler, which separates the airborne particulate matter into coarse (pm2.5-10) and fine (pm2.5) size fractions. the samples collected during the period january 2005 to march 2006, were analyzed by anodic stripping voltammetry (asv) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emis...

Corresponding Author: Muhammad Ali Awan, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST12, Islamabad-44000, Pakistan. Tel: +92-51-90854305, E-mail: [email protected]. 128 Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter and Heavy Metals in Ambient Air of Four Cities of Pakistan

Corresponding Author: Muhammad Ali Awan, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST12, Islamabad-44000, Pakistan. Tel: +92-51-90854305, E-mail: [email protected]. 128 Determination of Total Suspended Particulate Matter and Heavy Metals in Ambient Air of Four Cities of Pakistan

Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. One proposed mechanism is that PM induces oxidative stress mediated by transition metals contained within this mixture. We examined the relationship between the personal exposure to water-soluble transition metals in PM(2.5) and oxidative DNA damage. In 49 students from central Copenhagen, we determined PM(2...