OBJECTIVE Accurate representation of study findings is crucial to preserve public trust. The language used to describe results could affect perceptions of the efficacy or safety of interventions. We sought to compare the adjectives used in clinical trial reports of industry-authored and non-industry-authored research. METHODS We included studies in PubMed that were randomized trials and had a...

Translation, whose first traces date back at least to 3000 BC (Newmark, 1988), has always been considered time-consuming and labor-consuming. In view of this, experts have made numerous efforts to develop some mechanical systems which can reduce part of this time and labor. The advancement of computers in the second half of the twentieth century paved the ground for the invention of machine tra...

French variable adjectives have traditionally been described as undergoing a process of final consonant deletion from the feminine to the masculine form. We review here different analyses that have been proposed to account for this phenomenon, highlighting problems with the theoretical analyses and advances in empirical work on the question. We present an analysis where, by default, French adje...

A series of studies was performed to investigate the effect of context upon evaluations made of personality-trait adjectives. Ss were presented sets of 3 adjectives which varied in favorableness as indicated by normative data and were then asked to evaluate 1 (test) adjective in each set under a variety of instructional conditions. Results indicated that whenever Ss were asked to rate the 3 adj...

Degree readings of size adjectives, as in big stamp-collector, cannot be explained as merely a consequence of vagueness or as an extra-grammatical phenomenon. Rather, they reflect the grammatical architecture of nominal gradability. Such readings are available only for size adjectives in attributive positions, and systematically only for adjectives that predicate bigness. These restrictions can...

The focus of the paper will be some aspects of the interaction of meaning and context with different kinds of adjectives. Adjective meanings are shown to be more constrained than was appreciated in earlier work. Facts about “NP-splitting” in Polish cast serious doubt on the standard hierarchy of adjectives, and the data become much more orderly if privative adjectives are reanalyzed as subsecti...

Associative adjectives such as in electrical engineer differ from ascriptive adjectives like in red house: They are syntactically similar, yet they do not denote an intersective sense like ascriptive adjectives do. However, associative adjectives may (irregularly) denote ascriptive traits connected to the associated entity: The more semanticallysimilar two entities are, the more regular the tra...

How is the meaning of an adjectivenoun phrase related to the meanings of its adjective and noun constituents? Different types of adjective produce different relations between a combination and in its constituent adjectives and nouns. Current theories give separate mechanisms for each adjective type. This paper shows how a computational model originally developed to explain classification in nou...

The literature on predicates of personal taste (PPTs) has focused on a surprisingly limited range of expressions. This narrow focus has led to problematic theoretical conclusions about the syntax and semantics. I argue that PPTs are an instance of a more interesting general category of (what I call) evaluational predicates. Like other gradable adjectives, PPTs are sensitive to a relevant degree...

In Timor multiple inheritance of methods from a common abstract ancestor (e.g. Collection) and of separate "parts" (possibly repeatedly) from distinct supertypes (e.g. a Radio, a Cassette Player) are handled in different ways. The paper shows that neither technique is suitable for cases where a common concrete ancestor (e.g. Person) is specialised in different subtypes (e.g. as a Student, an Em...