We propose an analysis of the morphology of dative-nominative passives in Icelandic. This account is based on a previous proposal of active predicates which alternate between a dative-nominative and nominative-dative case frame (Wood and Sigurðsson 2014). We show that obligatory agreement with the nominative in the passive is the consequence of the absence of the dative intervention effect whic...

In his comprehensive and succinct overview of passives in the world’s languages, Edward Keenan (1985) makes the following typological observations. First, not all languages have passives; and second, such passive-less languages commonly use one of the following grammaticized means to express functional equivalents of passive: (a) to use the “impersonal” third person plural subject; or (b) to el...

In this work we provide a suite of protocols for group key management based on general semigroup actions. Construction of the key is made in a distributed and collaborative way. We provide security proofs against passive attacks and suitable examples that may enhance both the security level and communication overheads of previous existing protocols.

We use a set of enriched n-gram models to track grammaticality judgements for different sorts of passive sentences in English. We construct these models by specifying scoring functions to map the log probabilities (logprobs) of an n-gram model for a test set of sentences onto scores which depend on properties of the string related to the parameters of the model. We test our models on classifica...

In light of the studies that investigate when and how English-speaking young children exhibit adult-like abstraction of syntax, this study explores these issues by examining Mandarin-speaking preschoolers ranging from 2to 5-year-olds’ comprehension of the Mandarin SVO-, ba-, long-passive, and short-passive constructions using the forced-choice pointing paradigm. The results indicated that at th...

We show the first deterministic construction of an unconditionally secure multiparty computation (MPC) protocol in the passive adversarial model over black-box nonAbelian groups which is both optimal (secure against an adversary who possesses any t < n2 inputs) and has subexponential complexity of construction based on coloring of planar graphs. More specifically, following the result of Desmed...

most of the researches do not differentiate between intuitive critic and passive one – in the field of features, applications and methods. this critical school is called emotional or passive critics which emphasizes aesthetics. thus sensitivity is not the only appliance to wisdom but is a mean to inspire happiness or unhappiness feeling. consequently the passive (critical) school is the result ...