introduction : adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) among non-smokers have been studied occasionally in developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to ets on outcome in pregnancy methods: in this descriptive and analytical study 600 non-smoking women delivering a singleton live baby were studied in delivery room in haja...

objectives: specific language impaired children, despite being normal in cognitive and neurological characteristics, and also normal levels of hearing, experience multiple problems in syntax comprehension. this study compared the passive comprehension as one of syntactic structures in persian-speaking typically developing children and specific language impaired children. methods: 10 children wi...

introduction: the passive sentence structure is one of the most interesting syntactic structures on language development. studies in some languages have indicated that comprehension of this syntactic structure takes place late in the language acquisition process. therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension of active and passive structures in 48-59- and 60-71-month-o...

knowledge transfer was the most important factors of success for organizations in today's complex and changing environment as one of aspects of knowledge management. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation by transfer the employee’s knowledge in social security organizations in kerman. the method research is descriptiv...

In a threshold scheme, the sensitivity of the secret as well as the number of players may fluctuate due to various reasons, e.g., mutual trust may vary or the structure of the players’ organization might be changed. A possible solution to this problem is to modify the threshold and/or change the secret. Moreover, a common problem with almost all secret sharing schemes is that they are “one-time...

All around planet Earth, access to drinkable fresh water is a problem with increasing relevance, being its scarceness the origin of many diseases, namely in underdeveloped countries and a potential motivation to future conflicts. The present work focuses in the modelling of solar still systems of salt water, aiming at producing fresh water, having considered for that purpose four types of insta...

Euthanasia is one of the controversial topics in current medical ethics. Among the six well-known types of euthanasia, passive voluntary euthanasia (PVE) seems to be more plausible in comparison with other types, from the moral point of view. According to the Kantian framework, ethical features come from 'reason'. Maxims are formulated as categorical imperative which has three different version...

dynamically stable biped robots mimicking human locomotion have received significant attention over the last few decades. formerly, the existence of stable periodic gaits for straight walking of passive biped walkers was well known and investigated as the notion of passive dynamic walking. this study is aimed to elaborate this notion in the case of three dimensional (3d) walking and extend it f...

background: radon and its daughters are amongst the most important sources of natural exposure in the world. soil is one of the significant sources of radon/thoron due to both radium and thorium so that the emanated thoron from it may cause increased uncertainties in radon measurements. recently, a diffusion chamber has been designed and optimized for passive discriminative measurements of rado...