background: the repetitive use of antibiotics in different fields (veterinary and medicine) improves the emergence and occurrence of the resistance phenomenon in pathogenic bacteria. due to the problem of antimicrobial resistance, it is an urgent need to discover new drugs and alternative treatments for the control of bacterial diseases in aquaculture. objectives: the purpose of this study is t...

The study of microbial pathogenesis has been primarily a reductionist science since Koch's principles. Reductionist approaches are essential to identify the causal agents of infectious disease, their molecular mechanisms of action, and potential drug targets, and much of medicine's success in the treatment of infectious disease stems from that approach. But many bacteria-caused diseases cannot ...

the Amterican Journal of Surgery (102, 354:1961). To my mind, the Mayo Clinic experience with 1,181 cases, with the competent observers serving as authors, has done no less than provide a very workable and practical guide to cancer types and to the methods of treatment for the various types (by histological classification as well as clinical staging). It is fortunate that this paper follows a p...

Pathogenic gram-negative bacteria cause serious diseases in animals and plants. These bacterial pathogens use the type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins into host cells; these effectors then localize to different subcellular compartments to attenuate immune responses by altering biological processes of the host cells. The fluorescent protein (FP)-based approach to monitor...

Introduction: Mobile phones and computers are a reservoir of growth and transmission of microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of computers and mobile phones used by students of an academic dental school, compared to the students of a non-medical school. Methods: Sampling was performed on 44 computers and 45 mobile phones in a dental school (test) and a non-med...

abstract       background and objective: probiotics are living microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the health of digestive system. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial ability of acidic and neutral supernatants (culture supernatant) of lactic acid bacteria against common bacterial pathogens.        methods: four species of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus planta...