The "psychic tonus" model or PTM [1] of hemispheric specialization states that the left hemisphere is a psychic and behavioral activator and that the right hemisphere is an inhibitor. The PTM predicts that the tonus of visual representation ought to manifest hemispheric specialization in the occipital lobes. Specifically PTM predicts that pathological positive visual tonus (visual hallucination...

Background and Importance: Symptomatic Rathke’s cleft cyst is a rare lesion that often presents without any symptoms.  Case Presentation: We report a 40-year-old female with symptomatic Rathke’s cleft cyst located in the sellar and suprasellar region. She presented with visual disturbance, headache, weight gain, hypothyroidism and amenorrhea. The patient underwent surgery and ...

A 36-year-old man presented with haemoptysis and his admission chest radiograph showed a large thin walled cystic lesion with an air-fluid level in the left lower lobe. The pathological diagnosis of the lesion, which was removed by a left lower lobe resection, was an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst.

Short history of Kawasaki disease, clinical features (principal symptoms and other significant symptoms or findings), diagnosis, cardiovascular involvement, epidemiology. Pathological features (lesion of vessels and lesion of organs exclusive of vessels), comparison between infantile periarteritis nodosa (IPN)/Kawasaki disease and classic periarteritis nodosa (CPN), etiology, treatment and mana...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive malignancy which can metastasize to the bone. Long bones or the small bones of the limbs could be rarely the destinations for metastatic RCCs. We report two cases of metastatic RCC to the humerus bone with the initial presentation of pathological fracture. The pathologists must be aware of metastatic RCC to the arm and consider it in the differential ...

The pathological findings in three cases of equine phycomycosis in Costa Rica are described. Two cutaneous (Pythium sp) and one nasal lesion (Conidiobolus) were observed.

Lichenoid and granulomatous dermatitis is a new entity which is histologically defined by a band like lymphocytic infiltration in the upper portion of the dermis with obscuring the dermoepidermal junction and accompanied by basal layer degeneration and granulomatous inflammation. Herein, we presented two Iranian women with similar cutaneous and histopathologic findings. Both patients had asympt...

Congenital granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively rare intraoral benign tumor, approximately 200 cases of which have been reported in the neonatal period worldwide. The newborn infant may have feeding problems and respiratory difficulties due to airway obstruction. This lesion may be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography and simple resection is mostly required. We report a case of an adult t...

BACKGROUND Dural cavernous angiomas are uncommon benign vascular malformations which may present intraoperative difficulties in hemostasis when the diagnosis is not suspected preoperatively. Preoperative diagnosis can be difficult when angiomas show atypical features and share imaging characteristics with other entities. METHODS A patient presented with a radiographically aggressive lesion, s...